Robert Joseph Cruz Sarmiento1, Clare Angeli G Enriquez1, Francis Gerwin Jalipa1, Bernadeth Lyn Piamonte1, Jose Danilo Diestro2, Carissa Paz Dioquino1,3, Alberto Goffi4, Roland Dominic G Jamora1. 1. Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines. 2. Département de radiologie, Radio-Oncologie et Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. 3. National Poison Management and Control Center, University of the Philippines- Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines. 4. Department of Medicine, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Spasm control is essential in the management of tetanus. Benzodiazepines are administered as initial treatment of tetanic spasms; however, sedation may be difficult to attain among patients with methamphetamine use disorder. Neuromuscular blocking agents, which act on an entire different mechanism, can be given to induce paralysis. METHODS: We describe 2 cases of patients with methamphetamine use disorder who were diagnosed with severe tetanus and our experience in the use of rocuronium to control their spasms. We performed a systematic review of the SCOPUS and PubMed databases for case reports and case series describing the use of rocuronium in tetanus patients who also have methamphetamine use disorder. We discussed the clinical features and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 4 cases of patients with substance abuse disorder who had severe tetanus were reported in the literature, including the current cases. The mean age was 28.8 years; all of them male. Trismus, generalized limb and abdominal rigidity were the most common presentation. Three patients underwent emergency tracheostomy. Rocuronium was given as 0.008mg/kg bolus in 1 patient; 2 patients received an intravenous bolus dose of 0.6mg/kg. Infusion dose ranged from 5 to 10 mcg/kg/min. Spasms were controlled within 24-48 hours after giving rocuronium in 3 out of 4 patients. One patient died from complications of dysautonomia and immobility. CONCLUSION: Rocuronium demonstrates a potential role as neuromuscular blocking agent of choice for patients with chronic methamphetamine use disorder and severe tetanus. Management challenges and complications of severe tetanus were also highlighted in this study.
BACKGROUND: Spasm control is essential in the management of tetanus. Benzodiazepines are administered as initial treatment of tetanic spasms; however, sedation may be difficult to attain among patients with methamphetamine use disorder. Neuromuscular blocking agents, which act on an entire different mechanism, can be given to induce paralysis. METHODS: We describe 2 cases of patients with methamphetamine use disorder who were diagnosed with severe tetanus and our experience in the use of rocuronium to control their spasms. We performed a systematic review of the SCOPUS and PubMed databases for case reports and case series describing the use of rocuronium in tetanus patients who also have methamphetamine use disorder. We discussed the clinical features and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 4 cases of patients with substance abuse disorder who had severe tetanus were reported in the literature, including the current cases. The mean age was 28.8 years; all of them male. Trismus, generalized limb and abdominal rigidity were the most common presentation. Three patients underwent emergency tracheostomy. Rocuronium was given as 0.008mg/kg bolus in 1 patient; 2 patients received an intravenous bolus dose of 0.6mg/kg. Infusion dose ranged from 5 to 10 mcg/kg/min. Spasms were controlled within 24-48 hours after giving rocuronium in 3 out of 4 patients. One patient died from complications of dysautonomia and immobility. CONCLUSION: Rocuronium demonstrates a potential role as neuromuscular blocking agent of choice for patients with chronic methamphetamine use disorder and severe tetanus. Management challenges and complications of severe tetanus were also highlighted in this study.
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