| Literature DB >> 34934419 |
Varinia Leiva-Peña1, Patricia Rubí-González1, Benjamin Vicente-Parada1.
Abstract
This article presents evidence on the implementation of public policies on mental health, and describes the advances and challenges to implementing the biopsychosocial and community model, mainly in Latin America. A theoretical review was conducted of articles indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and SciELO. Government reports and programs were included. Social determinants impact mental health. In particular, poverty significantly increases the risk of developing a mental disorder. Accordingly, the World Health Organization insists on the need to adopt a biopsychosocial paradigm to address mental health challenges. About a third of countries still do not have a national mental health policy and there are large disparities in funding and population coverage between high- and low-income countries. Particularly in Latin America, the results illustrate progress in low- and middle-income countries in terms of developing mental health programs with a community and biopsychosocial approach. However, there are challenges in their operationalization, financing, and adaptation to socio-cultural realities. The evidence indicates that in order to move from a biomedical paradigm to one that incorporates the social determinants of health, identical strategies should not be employed in all communities, since the needs of low- and middle-income countries differ from those of high-income countries. Therefore, it is essential to increase local research to generate evidence that reflects national needs with regard to public policies on mental health.Entities:
Keywords: Mental health; health policy; models, biopsychosocial; social determinants of health
Year: 2021 PMID: 34934419 PMCID: PMC8678097 DOI: 10.26633/RPSP.2021.158
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Panam Salud Publica ISSN: 1020-4989
Presupuesto en Salud y antecedentes sociodemográficos según países seleccionados.
|
País |
Porcentaje de gasto en salud en relación al PIB según el Banco Mundial en 2018 ( |
PIB según Banco Mundial en 2020 (En millones de USD) ( |
PIB per cápita según Banco Mundial en 2020 (En USD) ( |
Población Total en 2021 ( |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
9,6% |
383 066,90 |
8 441,90 |
44 939 000,00 |
|
|
9,2% |
1 330 900,90 |
51 812,20 |
25 550 000,00 |
|
|
9,5% |
1 444 733,20 |
6 796,80 |
210 147 000,00 |
|
|
9,1% |
252 940, 00 |
13 231,70 |
19 107 000,00 |
|
|
7,6% |
271 346,90 |
5 332,80 |
50 374 000,00 |
|
|
11, 1% |
103 131,00 |
9 099,70 |
11 333 483,00 |
|
|
16,8% |
20 936 600,00 |
63 543,60 |
328 461 000,00 |
|
|
7% |
23 827,80 |
2 405,70 |
9 770 000,00 |
|
|
9,2% |
212 482,00 |
41 791,80 |
5 090 000,00 |
|
|
5,2% |
202 014,30 |
6 126,90 |
32 510 453,00 |
|
|
9,2% |
53 628,80 |
15 438,4 |
3 461 734,00 |
|
|
3,5% |
482 359,30 |
16 055,60 |
28 515 829,00 |
Fuente (1): https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS
Fuente (2): https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD
Fuente (3): https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD
Fuente (4): https://datosmacro.expansion.com/demografia/poblacion
Porcentaje del presupuesto total de Salud Pública, dedicado a Salud Mental en países seleccionados.
|
País |
Porcentaje del gasto en Salud Mental del presupuesto total de Salud |
Año reportado en Salud Mental |
Fuente |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
2% |
2017 |
Primer Congreso Provincial de Salud Mental y Adicciones, Ministerio de Salud de Argentina: |
|
|
7,8% |
2019 |
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: |
|
|
2,4% |
2017 |
Primer Congreso Provincial de Salud Mental y Adicciones, Ministerio de Salud de Argentina: |
|
|
2,4% |
2017 |
Ministerio de Salud de Chile. Plan Nacional de Salud Mental 2017 a 2025. |
|
|
El presupuesto no estaría diferenciado del general de salud |
2018 |
Ministerio de Salud (2018). Estructura del gasto en Salud Pública en Colombia. |
|
|
5,5% |
2020 | PR News Wire: |
|
|
1,8% |
2008 |
Primer Congreso Provincial de Salud Mental y Adicciones, Ministerio de Salud de Argentina: |
|
|
6% |
2021 |
Stuff News Paper: |
|
|
2% |
2018 |
Ministerio de Salud (2018). Plan Nacional de Fortalecimiento de servicios de Salud Mental Comunitaria. |
|
|
7% |
2017 |
Primer Congreso Provincial de Salud Mental y Adicciones, Ministerio de Salud de Argentina: |
|
|
5% |
2013 |
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2013). Informe sobre el Sistema de Salud Mental en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela utilizando el Instrumento de Evaluación para Sistemas de Salud Mental de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS-IESM). |