Xiaona Huo1,2, Lin Zhang3, Rong Huang2, Jiangfeng Ye2, Yulin Yang4, Hao Zhang5, Jun Zhang6,7. 1. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China. 2. MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. 3. Obstetrics Department, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China. 4. Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, 300 Expo Village Road, Shanghai, 200125, China. 5. Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, China. haozhang18@foxmail.com. 6. MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. junjimzhang@sina.com. 7. Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haiko, Hainan, China. junjimzhang@sina.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases and poor oral hygiene are potentially associated with decreased female fecundability. Fecundability refers to the probability of conception during a given period measured in months or menstrual cycles. This study aims to examine whether halitosis is associated with female fecundability in a large sample of Chinese women who planned to be pregnant. METHODS: In 2012, a total of 6319 couples came for preconception care in eight districts in Shanghai, China and were followed by telephone contact. Three thousand nine hundred fifteen women who continued trying to be pregnant for up to 24 months remained for final statistical analyses. Halitosis was self-reported at the preconception care visit. Time to pregnancy (TTP) was reported in months and was censored at 24 months. Fecundability ratio (FR) was defined as the ratio of probability of conception among those with and without halitosis. FR and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the discrete-time Cox model. RESULTS: 80.1 and 86.1% of women had self-reported clinically confirmed pregnancy within 12 and 24 months, respectively. Halitosis was reported in 8.7% of the women. After controlling for potential confounders, halitosis was associated with a reduced probability of spontaneous conception (for an observation period of 12 months: adjusted FR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72-0.94; for an observation period of 24 months: adjusted FR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74-0.96). CONCLUSIONS: Halitosis is associated with reduced fecundability in Chinese women.
BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases and poor oral hygiene are potentially associated with decreased female fecundability. Fecundability refers to the probability of conception during a given period measured in months or menstrual cycles. This study aims to examine whether halitosis is associated with female fecundability in a large sample of Chinese women who planned to be pregnant. METHODS: In 2012, a total of 6319 couples came for preconception care in eight districts in Shanghai, China and were followed by telephone contact. Three thousand nine hundred fifteen women who continued trying to be pregnant for up to 24 months remained for final statistical analyses. Halitosis was self-reported at the preconception care visit. Time to pregnancy (TTP) was reported in months and was censored at 24 months. Fecundability ratio (FR) was defined as the ratio of probability of conception among those with and without halitosis. FR and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the discrete-time Cox model. RESULTS: 80.1 and 86.1% of women had self-reported clinically confirmed pregnancy within 12 and 24 months, respectively. Halitosis was reported in 8.7% of the women. After controlling for potential confounders, halitosis was associated with a reduced probability of spontaneous conception (for an observation period of 12 months: adjusted FR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72-0.94; for an observation period of 24 months: adjusted FR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74-0.96). CONCLUSIONS: Halitosis is associated with reduced fecundability in Chinese women.
Authors: R Seemann; M D Conceicao; A Filippi; J Greenman; P Lenton; S Nachnani; M Quirynen; S Roldan; H Schulze; N Sterer; A Tangerman; E G Winkel; K Yaegaki; M Rosenberg Journal: J Breath Res Date: 2014-02-24 Impact factor: 3.262
Authors: Moustafa I Ibrahim; Mohamed A Abdelhafeez; Mohamed I Ellaithy; Ahmed H Salama; Adel S Amin; Hesham Eldakrory; Nagwa I Elhadad Journal: Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care Date: 2014-10-20 Impact factor: 1.848
Authors: R C Williams; A H Barnett; N Claffey; M Davis; R Gadsby; M Kellett; G Y H Lip; S Thackray Journal: Curr Med Res Opin Date: 2008-04-30 Impact factor: 2.580