Literature DB >> 34925903

Crystal structure of 9-amino-acridinium chloride N,N-di-methyl-formamide monosolvate.

Igor O Fritsky1, Valerii Y Sirenko1, Sergiu Shova2, Olesia I Kucheriv1, Il'ya A Gural'skiy1.   

Abstract

9-Amino-acridinium chloride N,N-di-methyl-formamide monosolvate, C13H11N2 +Cl-·C3H7NO, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The salt was crystallized from N,N-di-methyl-formamide. The asymmetric unit consists of two C13H11N2 +Cl- formula units. The 9-amino-acridinium (9-AA) mol-ecules are protonated with the proton on the N atom of the central ring. This N atom is connected to an N,N-di-methyl-formamide mol-ecule by a hydrogen bond. The H atoms of the amino groups create short contacts with two chloride ions. The 9-AA cations in adjacent layers are oriented in an anti-parallel manner. The mol-ecules are linked via a network of multidirectional π-π inter-actions between the 9-AA rings, and the whole lattice is additionally stabilized by electrostatic inter-actions between ions. © Fritsky et al. 2021.

Entities:  

Keywords:  9-amino­acridinium; crystal structure; hydrogen bonds

Year:  2021        PMID: 34925903      PMCID: PMC8647755          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989021011816

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

Amino­acridine (AA) derivatives exhibit anti­bacterial (Ciric et al., 2011 ▸), anti­cancer (Hassan et al., 2011 ▸), anti­viral (Kaur & Singh, 2011 ▸) and anti­prion effects (Villa et al., 2011 ▸), as well as other therapeutic properties (Muregi & Ishih, 2010 ▸). The synthesis of these compounds and analysis of their inter­actions is very useful in view of their importance in a wide range of different biological systems (Coupar et al., 1997 ▸). Besides, numerous acridine-based derivatives are important for their chemiluminogenic ability and their use as chemiluminescent indicators in immunoassays, nucleic acid diagnostics and quan­ti­tative assays of biomolecules, such as anti­gens, anti­bodies, hormones and enzymes, as well as DNA–RNA structural analyses (Dodeigne, 2000 ▸; Becker et al., 1999 ▸). Additionally, photochemical reactions for these compounds in different media have been reported (Machulek et al., 2003 ▸). AA derivatives are promising analytical agents, since they exhibit relatively high quantum yields of light emission and stability (Adamczyk et al., 1999 ▸; Dodeigne, 2000 ▸; Renotte et al., 2000 ▸; Smith et al., 2009 ▸). 9-AA is a fluorescent dye of the family of nitro­gen heterocyclic bases. 9-AA has been proposed as a specific fluorescent probe capable of binding the active center of guanidinobenzoatases (GB) (Murza et al., 2000 ▸). Inter­estingly, cellulose nanocomposites based on [Fe(hptrz)3](OTs)2 nanoparticles were effectively doped with 9-AA, resulting in a thermochromic and thermofluorescent material (Nagy et al., 2014 ▸). Previous crystallographic studies of some analogues of 9-AA have revealed that while in some members the acridine ring system is nearly planar (Carrell, 1972 ▸), in others it is clamped (Zacharias & Glusker, 1974 ▸; Berman & Glusker, 1972 ▸; Glusker et al., 1973 ▸) with angles of 7–13° between the two outer rings. This publication reports the crystal structure of 9-amino­acridinium chloride N,N-di­methyl­formamide solvate (1:1).

Structural commentary

The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group, with two 9-AA+Cl− formula units in the asymmetric unit. As shown in Fig. 1 ▸, the mol­ecules are monoionized with the one proton residing on the N atom, N2 or N5, of the central ring.
Figure 1

The mol­ecular structure of the title compound, showing the atom-labelling scheme and displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level. H atoms are shown as small spheres of arbitrary radii. Hydrogen bonds are represented by dashed lines. Two amine groups and two chloride ions form a supra­molecular (8) synthon.

The amino groups for two 9-amino­acridine mol­ecules do not readily add a proton. The state of ionization is confirmed by both the H-atom positions (located from the difference map) and by the hydrogen bonding as shown in Table 1 ▸. The C—NH2 bonds C1—N1 and C17—N4 are 1.310 (5) and 1.313 (5) Å, respectively. These bond lengths are characteristic for a C=N double bond that can originate from tautomerism of the cation, as shown on the scheme.
Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N2—H2⋯O10.861.862.723 (5)176
N4—H4A⋯Cl20.862.403.225 (3)160
N4—H4B⋯Cl10.862.383.211 (4)163
N1—H1A⋯Cl10.862.393.209 (3)160
N1—H1B⋯Cl20.862.423.246 (3)162
N5—H5A⋯O20.861.882.740 (5)175
The acridine moieties are nearly planar in the crystalline phase with atoms N2, C1, N1 and N5, C17 and N4 arranged almost linearly (N2⋯C1—N1 = 176° and N5⋯C17—N4 = 180°). The dihedral angle between the two outer fused rings is 3.39 (14)° for the mol­ecule containing N2, while the corresponding angle in the mol­ecule containing N5 is 1.18 (15)°. The second value is comparable with that found for acridine (1.2°; Phillips, 1956 ▸; Phillips et al., 1960 ▸). The 9-AA mol­ecules are almost planar and each of three fused rings taken individually is planar within experimental error.

Supra­molecular features

The packing of the mol­ecules in the crystal is illustrated in Fig. 2 ▸. The crystal structure features N—H⋯O and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds (Table 1 ▸) as well as π–π stacking inter­actions. The 9-AA mol­ecules form layers (Fig. 3 ▸ ), which stack perpendicularly to the c axis. There are two types of 9-AA fused rings in the crystal structure, which results in the propagation of layers in a zigzag manner along b-axis direction (Fig. 2 ▸ ).
Figure 2

Crystal packing viewed along the c axis. The N—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯O inter­actions are represented by green and red dashed lines, respectively. The A and B acridine mol­ecules are coloured green and blue, respectively.

Figure 3

Layers of 9-AA. π–π stacking inter­actions between the 9-amino­acridinium rings of different layers are shown by orange dashed lines.

The structure is characterized by the presence of several different kinds of weak inter­actions, which create a three-dimensional supra­molecular network. The atoms H2 and H5A, attached to N2 and N5, form hydrogen bonds to N,N-di­methyl­formamide atoms, O1 and O2, with d(N⋯O) = 2.723 (5)–2.740 (5) Å, N—H⋯O = 175-176°. The chloride ions are linked via N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds [d(N⋯Cl) = 3.209 (3)–3.246 (3) Å, N-H⋯Cl = 160–163°], forming di­mers (Fig. 1 ▸). In these di­mers, the amino groups of the two 9-AA cations and the two halide anions participate in the hydrogen bonding, generating a centrosymmetric (8) supra­molecular synthon (Etter, 1990 ▸; Etter et al., 1990 ▸; Aakeröy, 1997 ▸). The di­mers are also stabilized by C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds between C atoms in positions 1 and 8 in the 9-AA skeleton and the halide ions [d(C⋯Cl) = 3.608 (5)–3.688 (4) Å and C—H⋯Cl = 163-172°] (Fig. 2 ▸), as is also observed in other 9-AA salts (Sikorski & Trzybiński, 2011a ▸,b ▸; 2013 ▸). Adjacent acridine skeletons are linked via π–π stacking inter­actions in an AB arrangement (Fig. 3 ▸). All of the aromatic rings of the A mol­ecules participate in π–π inter­actions, propagating in zigzag manner along the c-axis direction with centroid–centroid distances ranging from 3.9786 (3) to 4.2236 (3) Å. On the other hand, only the two aromatic rings of the acridine B mol­ecules participate in π–π inter­actions, with adjacent acridine skeletons rotated in-plane with respect to one another. The centroid–centroid distances vary from 3.6514 (3) to 4.7445 (5) Å.

Database survey

A search of the Cambridge Structure Database (CSD version 5.42, last update February 2021; Groom et al., 2016 ▸) revealed that the current structure has never been published before. 101 structures containing 9-AA cations and chloride anions were found. These include 9-amino­acridine hydro­chloride monohydrate (refcode: AMACRD; Talacki et al., 1974 ▸), which consists of a monoionized 9-amino­acride mol­ecule with the proton on the N atom of the central ring, one water mol­ecule, which is hydrogen bonded to another water mol­ecule, and two chloride ions, which are hydrogen bonded to the amino group of the 9-AA cation. 9-Amino­acridinium 3-chloro­benzoate (AQAGEF; Sikorski & Trzybiński, 2011b ▸) crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group with an 9-AA cation and a 3-chloro­benzoate anion in the asymmetric unit and the crystal structure features N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking inter­actions. Inversely oriented cations and anions form a tetra­mer; these ions are linked via N(amino)—H⋯O (carb­oxy) hydrogen bonds, forming a ring motif. 9-Amino­acridinium 3-chloro­benzoate (AQAGIJ; (Sikorski & Trzybiński, 2011b ▸) forms triclinic crystals (P space group) with an 9-AA cation, a 4-chloro­benzoate anion and a water mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. The crystal structure features N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π inter­actions. Analysis of the hydrogen bonds in the structure of this compounds shows that the ions form tetra­mers and produce an (16) hydrogen-bond ring motif. 9-Amino­acridinium 3-hy­droxy­benzoate (AQAGOP; Sikorski & Trzybiński, 2011b ▸) also crystallizes in the triclinic P space group, the asymmetric unit consisting of two 9-AA cations, 3-hy­droxy­benzoate and chlorate anions as well as two water mol­ecules. This structure is the first of all the known 9-amino­acridinium salts where mixed salts were obtained (Allen, 2002 ▸). The average deviations from planarity of the acridine skeleton are 0.015 (2) and 0.027 (2) Å, and the angle between the mean planes of the right- and left-hand halves of the acridine skeleton is 1.5 and 3.7° in cations A and B, respectively. Analysis of the hydrogen bonds in this compound shows that the ions do not form tetra­mers, but produce two nearly perpendicularly aligned kinds of hydrogen-bonded chain motif. 9-Amino­acridinium chloride methanol solvate (SIDHAQ; Trzybiński & Sikorski, 2013 ▸) again forms triclinic crystals (P space group). The amino group of the 9-amino­acridinium cation inter­acts with the chloride anion via an N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bond and the methanol mol­ecule via an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond, generating a centrosymmetric (16) supra­molecular synthon. The methanol mol­ecule inter­acts with the halide ion; the resulting supra­molecular synthon (12) is not planar but assumes a chair shape. This hydrogen-bonded ring motif is stabilized by the N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bond between the acridinium skeleton and the halide ion.

Synthesis and crystallization

9-Amino­acridinium hydro­chloride (0.0624 g, 2.71×10 −4 mol) was dissolved in N,N-di­methyl­formamide (4 ml) under heating at 418 K until the 9-AA·HCl had fully dissolved. The solution was left to cool to 280 K. Single crystals were obtained after 2 days.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2 ▸. All H atoms were placed geom­etrically and refined as riding, with C—H = 0.93 Å and U iso(H) = 1.2U eq(C) for aromatic hydrogens and the C—H group and C—H = 0.96 Å and U iso(H) = 1.5U eq(C) for the CH3 group. A rotating model was used for the methyl group.
Table 2

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC13H11N2 +·Cl·C3H7NO
M r 303.78
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21/c
Temperature (K)293
a, b, c (Å)10.5819 (7), 42.705 (2), 7.2531 (6)
β (°)108.800 (8)
V3)3102.8 (4)
Z 8
Radiation typeMo Kα
μ (mm−1)0.25
Crystal size (mm)0.3 × 0.2 × 0.15
 
Data collection
DiffractometerXcalibur, Eos
Absorption correctionMulti-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2019)
T min, T max 0.955, 1.000
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections12374, 5491, 3496
R int 0.040
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.595
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.085, 0.199, 1.10
No. of reflections5491
No. of parameters383
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.58, −0.27

Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2019 ▸), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a ▸), SHELXL2018/3 (Sheldrick, 2015b ▸) and OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ▸ ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989021011816/dx2038sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989021011816/dx2038Isup2.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989021011816/dx2038Isup3.cml CCDC reference: 2120699 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C13H11N2+·Cl·C3H7NOF(000) = 1280
Mr = 303.78Dx = 1.301 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 10.5819 (7) ÅCell parameters from 3798 reflections
b = 42.705 (2) Åθ = 2.1–26.7°
c = 7.2531 (6) ŵ = 0.25 mm1
β = 108.800 (8)°T = 293 K
V = 3102.8 (4) Å3Block, clear intense yellow
Z = 80.3 × 0.2 × 0.15 mm
Xcalibur, Eos diffractometer3496 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Detector resolution: 8.0797 pixels mm-1Rint = 0.040
ω scansθmax = 25.0°, θmin = 1.9°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlisPro; Rigaku OD, 2019)h = −8→12
Tmin = 0.955, Tmax = 1.000k = −34→50
12374 measured reflectionsl = −8→8
5491 independent reflections
Refinement on F20 restraints
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.085H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.199w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0638P)2 + 2.1432P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.10(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
5491 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.58 e Å3
383 parametersΔρmin = −0.27 e Å3
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Cl20.52995 (11)0.60004 (2)0.42541 (19)0.0646 (4)
Cl10.92064 (11)0.65087 (2)0.79353 (19)0.0652 (4)
N20.4780 (3)0.75521 (8)0.2516 (5)0.0473 (9)
H20.4399610.7729530.2140550.057*
N40.8349 (3)0.58046 (8)0.6530 (5)0.0558 (10)
H4A0.7534110.5810810.5774850.067*
H4B0.8751570.5974650.7025370.067*
N10.6495 (3)0.67060 (8)0.4611 (5)0.0546 (10)
H1A0.7291080.6699430.5427220.066*
H1B0.6041500.6536250.4277380.066*
N51.0324 (4)0.49648 (8)0.7759 (5)0.0572 (10)
H5A1.0743060.4789260.8011150.069*
N30.1963 (4)0.84737 (8)−0.0005 (6)0.0591 (10)
N61.3057 (4)0.40331 (10)0.9714 (6)0.0646 (11)
C20.6704 (4)0.72613 (9)0.4405 (6)0.0407 (10)
C70.6074 (4)0.75488 (9)0.3723 (6)0.0419 (10)
C290.8324 (4)0.52493 (9)0.6113 (6)0.0441 (10)
C10.5973 (4)0.69747 (9)0.3876 (6)0.0411 (10)
C130.4638 (4)0.69898 (9)0.2499 (6)0.0415 (10)
C170.8978 (4)0.55353 (9)0.6925 (6)0.0433 (10)
C80.4070 (4)0.72836 (9)0.1884 (6)0.0427 (10)
C181.0344 (4)0.55202 (10)0.8188 (6)0.0469 (10)
C120.3863 (4)0.67215 (10)0.1781 (6)0.0502 (11)
H120.4219450.6523890.2167210.060*
C30.8063 (4)0.72726 (10)0.5627 (6)0.0478 (11)
H30.8514430.7087770.6105980.057*
C231.0976 (4)0.52306 (10)0.8578 (6)0.0486 (11)
C110.2594 (4)0.67488 (11)0.0522 (6)0.0575 (12)
H110.2095740.6569680.0045660.069*
C60.6752 (5)0.78324 (10)0.4249 (6)0.0533 (12)
H60.6318910.8020550.3803560.064*
C240.9034 (5)0.49659 (10)0.6557 (6)0.0496 (11)
O10.3482 (5)0.81000 (10)0.1214 (7)0.1213 (17)
C191.1073 (4)0.57874 (11)0.9076 (7)0.0578 (12)
H191.0672900.5983750.8847410.069*
C280.6990 (4)0.52341 (10)0.4876 (7)0.0593 (12)
H280.6498440.5418080.4540430.071*
C90.2745 (4)0.73091 (11)0.0596 (7)0.0575 (12)
H90.2365820.7504460.0202910.069*
C40.8703 (4)0.75517 (10)0.6096 (6)0.0559 (12)
H40.9591150.7555290.6886140.067*
C50.8052 (5)0.78322 (11)0.5416 (6)0.0595 (13)
H50.8505660.8020890.5759350.071*
C221.2312 (5)0.52056 (12)0.9817 (7)0.0634 (13)
H221.2730530.5011381.0069100.076*
C100.2037 (5)0.70426 (11)−0.0055 (7)0.0625 (13)
H100.1166520.705698−0.0899900.075*
C250.8413 (5)0.46818 (11)0.5788 (7)0.0640 (13)
H250.8891140.4495510.6082860.077*
C211.2971 (5)0.54672 (12)1.0626 (7)0.0657 (14)
H211.3849910.5451751.1442150.079*
C201.2366 (5)0.57594 (12)1.0269 (7)0.0649 (13)
H201.2840810.5936801.0842660.078*
C140.3158 (6)0.83691 (14)0.0906 (8)0.0750 (15)
H140.3827480.8518030.1364860.090*
C260.7123 (5)0.46777 (11)0.4620 (7)0.0709 (15)
H260.6715830.4489030.4123200.085*
C270.6406 (5)0.49580 (12)0.4165 (7)0.0689 (14)
H270.5520070.4954580.3366110.083*
O21.1518 (6)0.43877 (11)0.8412 (8)0.149 (2)
C160.1695 (6)0.88039 (13)−0.0371 (11)0.115 (2)
H16A0.2485180.8921930.0282440.172*
H16B0.0986830.8866140.0108360.172*
H16C0.1436410.884297−0.1746040.172*
C321.3588 (7)0.37299 (14)1.0227 (10)0.121 (3)
H32A1.3715780.3692831.1580120.181*
H32B1.4429250.3713550.9995750.181*
H32C1.2979620.3577240.9452230.181*
C301.1894 (8)0.4107 (2)0.8729 (11)0.127 (3)
H301.1279450.3948760.8208240.152*
C150.0865 (6)0.82581 (15)−0.0790 (11)0.120 (3)
H15A0.0566230.826913−0.2186810.180*
H15B0.0143770.831333−0.0320630.180*
H15C0.1156240.804886−0.0384410.180*
C311.3999 (9)0.42835 (19)1.0510 (12)0.158 (3)
H31A1.4499840.4236801.1839290.237*
H31B1.3523090.4476621.0453830.237*
H31C1.4596660.4303080.9763170.237*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Cl20.0509 (7)0.0407 (6)0.0845 (9)0.0001 (5)−0.0026 (6)0.0013 (6)
Cl10.0487 (7)0.0370 (6)0.0911 (9)0.0017 (5)−0.0038 (6)−0.0027 (6)
N20.049 (2)0.039 (2)0.050 (2)0.0050 (16)0.0093 (17)0.0074 (17)
N40.043 (2)0.039 (2)0.075 (3)0.0002 (16)0.0048 (18)−0.0053 (19)
N10.044 (2)0.0325 (19)0.073 (3)−0.0036 (15)−0.0020 (18)0.0044 (18)
N50.065 (3)0.042 (2)0.061 (3)0.0161 (19)0.017 (2)0.0092 (19)
N30.058 (2)0.044 (2)0.074 (3)0.0020 (19)0.020 (2)0.004 (2)
N60.054 (2)0.064 (3)0.077 (3)0.012 (2)0.023 (2)0.014 (2)
C20.046 (2)0.035 (2)0.040 (2)−0.0028 (18)0.0128 (19)0.0019 (19)
C70.049 (2)0.038 (2)0.038 (2)−0.0003 (19)0.014 (2)0.0001 (19)
C290.054 (3)0.033 (2)0.048 (3)0.0019 (19)0.021 (2)0.000 (2)
C10.042 (2)0.039 (2)0.041 (2)0.0038 (18)0.0114 (18)−0.0004 (19)
C130.042 (2)0.037 (2)0.043 (2)0.0002 (18)0.0107 (18)0.0056 (19)
C170.048 (2)0.038 (2)0.045 (2)0.0074 (19)0.0157 (19)0.000 (2)
C80.043 (2)0.046 (3)0.038 (2)−0.0017 (19)0.0116 (18)0.005 (2)
C180.048 (2)0.045 (3)0.048 (3)0.007 (2)0.014 (2)0.002 (2)
C120.049 (3)0.045 (3)0.052 (3)0.000 (2)0.010 (2)0.003 (2)
C30.045 (2)0.043 (3)0.048 (3)0.0000 (19)0.005 (2)0.004 (2)
C230.055 (3)0.046 (3)0.045 (3)0.008 (2)0.016 (2)0.004 (2)
C110.046 (3)0.055 (3)0.063 (3)−0.008 (2)0.004 (2)−0.001 (2)
C60.070 (3)0.036 (2)0.049 (3)−0.005 (2)0.012 (2)0.004 (2)
C240.065 (3)0.040 (3)0.048 (3)0.004 (2)0.023 (2)0.002 (2)
O10.159 (4)0.091 (3)0.131 (4)0.074 (3)0.070 (3)0.058 (3)
C190.052 (3)0.046 (3)0.069 (3)0.007 (2)0.011 (2)−0.004 (2)
C280.059 (3)0.041 (3)0.071 (3)0.000 (2)0.011 (2)−0.009 (2)
C90.045 (3)0.056 (3)0.062 (3)0.005 (2)0.004 (2)0.010 (2)
C40.055 (3)0.050 (3)0.052 (3)−0.013 (2)0.002 (2)0.005 (2)
C50.075 (3)0.045 (3)0.051 (3)−0.016 (2)0.010 (2)0.000 (2)
C220.058 (3)0.066 (3)0.063 (3)0.022 (3)0.015 (2)0.005 (3)
C100.048 (3)0.063 (3)0.063 (3)0.001 (2)−0.001 (2)0.012 (3)
C250.088 (4)0.038 (3)0.066 (3)0.005 (2)0.024 (3)−0.002 (2)
C210.050 (3)0.074 (4)0.064 (3)0.013 (3)0.006 (2)0.008 (3)
C200.054 (3)0.059 (3)0.070 (3)0.001 (2)0.004 (2)−0.004 (3)
C140.077 (4)0.073 (4)0.074 (4)0.009 (3)0.023 (3)0.007 (3)
C260.092 (4)0.043 (3)0.073 (4)−0.007 (3)0.019 (3)−0.013 (3)
C270.066 (3)0.060 (3)0.074 (3)−0.004 (3)0.012 (3)−0.014 (3)
O20.183 (5)0.100 (4)0.181 (5)0.093 (4)0.082 (4)0.065 (4)
C160.119 (5)0.063 (4)0.169 (7)0.036 (4)0.056 (5)0.030 (4)
C320.160 (7)0.084 (5)0.126 (6)0.069 (4)0.060 (5)0.032 (4)
C300.111 (6)0.147 (7)0.122 (6)0.048 (5)0.039 (5)0.044 (5)
C150.102 (5)0.108 (5)0.157 (7)−0.042 (4)0.051 (5)−0.040 (5)
C310.180 (8)0.153 (8)0.142 (7)−0.073 (7)0.053 (6)−0.008 (6)
N2—H20.8600C6—H60.9300
N2—C71.367 (5)C6—C51.363 (6)
N2—C81.367 (5)C24—C251.407 (6)
N4—H4A0.8600O1—C141.199 (6)
N4—H4B0.8600C19—H190.9300
N4—C171.313 (5)C19—C201.368 (6)
N1—H1A0.8600C28—H280.9300
N1—H1B0.8600C28—C271.354 (6)
N1—C11.310 (5)C9—H90.9300
N5—H5A0.8600C9—C101.361 (6)
N5—C231.361 (5)C4—H40.9300
N5—C241.362 (5)C4—C51.391 (6)
N3—C141.303 (6)C5—H50.9300
N3—C161.446 (6)C22—H220.9300
N3—C151.448 (6)C22—C211.347 (6)
N6—C321.413 (6)C10—H100.9300
N6—C301.248 (7)C25—H250.9300
N6—C311.449 (7)C25—C261.355 (7)
C2—C71.409 (5)C21—H210.9300
C2—C11.433 (5)C21—C201.388 (6)
C2—C31.426 (5)C20—H200.9300
C7—C61.397 (5)C14—H140.9300
C29—C171.434 (5)C26—H260.9300
C29—C241.406 (5)C26—C271.399 (6)
C29—C281.410 (6)C27—H270.9300
C1—C131.445 (5)O2—C301.260 (8)
C13—C81.401 (5)C16—H16A0.9600
C13—C121.408 (5)C16—H16B0.9600
C17—C181.441 (5)C16—H16C0.9600
C8—C91.416 (5)C32—H32A0.9600
C18—C231.391 (5)C32—H32B0.9600
C18—C191.412 (6)C32—H32C0.9600
C12—H120.9300C30—H300.9300
C12—C111.364 (6)C15—H15A0.9600
C3—H30.9300C15—H15B0.9600
C3—C41.359 (5)C15—H15C0.9600
C23—C221.414 (6)C31—H31A0.9600
C11—H110.9300C31—H31B0.9600
C11—C101.391 (6)C31—H31C0.9600
C7—N2—H2118.8C29—C28—H28119.2
C7—N2—C8122.3 (3)C27—C28—C29121.5 (4)
C8—N2—H2118.8C27—C28—H28119.2
H4A—N4—H4B120.0C8—C9—H9120.6
C17—N4—H4A120.0C10—C9—C8118.8 (4)
C17—N4—H4B120.0C10—C9—H9120.6
H1A—N1—H1B120.0C3—C4—H4119.4
C1—N1—H1A120.0C3—C4—C5121.1 (4)
C1—N1—H1B120.0C5—C4—H4119.4
C23—N5—H5A118.7C6—C5—C4120.4 (4)
C23—N5—C24122.6 (4)C6—C5—H5119.8
C24—N5—H5A118.7C4—C5—H5119.8
C14—N3—C16121.9 (5)C23—C22—H22120.5
C14—N3—C15120.4 (5)C21—C22—C23119.0 (4)
C16—N3—C15117.6 (5)C21—C22—H22120.5
C32—N6—C31114.0 (6)C11—C10—H10119.4
C30—N6—C32128.2 (6)C9—C10—C11121.2 (4)
C30—N6—C31117.7 (6)C9—C10—H10119.4
C7—C2—C1119.8 (3)C24—C25—H25119.8
C7—C2—C3117.2 (3)C26—C25—C24120.5 (4)
C3—C2—C1123.0 (4)C26—C25—H25119.8
N2—C7—C2119.8 (4)C22—C21—H21119.3
N2—C7—C6119.1 (4)C22—C21—C20121.4 (4)
C6—C7—C2121.1 (4)C20—C21—H21119.3
C24—C29—C17119.2 (4)C19—C20—C21120.2 (5)
C24—C29—C28117.3 (4)C19—C20—H20119.9
C28—C29—C17123.6 (4)C21—C20—H20119.9
N1—C1—C2121.2 (4)N3—C14—H14116.7
N1—C1—C13120.7 (4)O1—C14—N3126.6 (6)
C2—C1—C13118.0 (3)O1—C14—H14116.7
C8—C13—C1118.9 (4)C25—C26—H26120.1
C8—C13—C12118.2 (4)C25—C26—C27119.8 (5)
C12—C13—C1122.9 (4)C27—C26—H26120.1
N4—C17—C29120.8 (4)C28—C27—C26120.6 (5)
N4—C17—C18120.8 (4)C28—C27—H27119.7
C29—C17—C18118.4 (4)C26—C27—H27119.7
N2—C8—C13120.8 (3)N3—C16—H16A109.5
N2—C8—C9118.5 (4)N3—C16—H16B109.5
C13—C8—C9120.7 (4)N3—C16—H16C109.5
C23—C18—C17119.2 (4)H16A—C16—H16B109.5
C23—C18—C19118.0 (4)H16A—C16—H16C109.5
C19—C18—C17122.8 (4)H16B—C16—H16C109.5
C13—C12—H12119.7N6—C32—H32A109.5
C11—C12—C13120.6 (4)N6—C32—H32B109.5
C11—C12—H12119.7N6—C32—H32C109.5
C2—C3—H3119.8H32A—C32—H32B109.5
C4—C3—C2120.4 (4)H32A—C32—H32C109.5
C4—C3—H3119.8H32B—C32—H32C109.5
N5—C23—C18120.6 (4)N6—C30—O2122.7 (8)
N5—C23—C22118.5 (4)N6—C30—H30118.6
C18—C23—C22120.9 (4)O2—C30—H30118.6
C12—C11—H11119.7N3—C15—H15A109.5
C12—C11—C10120.5 (4)N3—C15—H15B109.5
C10—C11—H11119.7N3—C15—H15C109.5
C7—C6—H6120.1H15A—C15—H15B109.5
C5—C6—C7119.8 (4)H15A—C15—H15C109.5
C5—C6—H6120.1H15B—C15—H15C109.5
N5—C24—C29120.0 (4)N6—C31—H31A109.5
N5—C24—C25119.7 (4)N6—C31—H31B109.5
C29—C24—C25120.3 (4)N6—C31—H31C109.5
C18—C19—H19119.8H31A—C31—H31B109.5
C20—C19—C18120.4 (4)H31A—C31—H31C109.5
C20—C19—H19119.8H31B—C31—H31C109.5
N2—C7—C6—C5−178.5 (4)C8—N2—C7—C2−1.9 (6)
N2—C8—C9—C10179.3 (4)C8—N2—C7—C6177.6 (4)
N4—C17—C18—C23179.8 (4)C8—C13—C12—C11−0.1 (6)
N4—C17—C18—C190.5 (7)C8—C9—C10—C110.0 (7)
N1—C1—C13—C8174.2 (4)C18—C23—C22—C210.1 (7)
N1—C1—C13—C12−4.1 (6)C18—C19—C20—C21−0.3 (7)
N5—C23—C22—C21179.6 (4)C12—C13—C8—N2−179.3 (4)
N5—C24—C25—C26178.7 (4)C12—C13—C8—C90.9 (6)
C2—C7—C6—C51.0 (7)C12—C11—C10—C90.8 (8)
C2—C1—C13—C8−6.0 (6)C3—C2—C7—N2178.7 (4)
C2—C1—C13—C12175.7 (4)C3—C2—C7—C6−0.8 (6)
C2—C3—C4—C50.5 (7)C3—C2—C1—N14.9 (6)
C7—N2—C8—C131.7 (6)C3—C2—C1—C13−174.9 (4)
C7—N2—C8—C9−178.5 (4)C3—C4—C5—C6−0.3 (7)
C7—C2—C1—N1−174.4 (4)C23—N5—C24—C290.2 (6)
C7—C2—C1—C135.8 (6)C23—N5—C24—C25−178.9 (4)
C7—C2—C3—C40.0 (6)C23—C18—C19—C200.4 (7)
C7—C6—C5—C4−0.4 (7)C23—C22—C21—C200.0 (8)
C29—C17—C18—C23−0.1 (6)C24—N5—C23—C18−0.9 (7)
C29—C17—C18—C19−179.4 (4)C24—N5—C23—C22179.6 (4)
C29—C24—C25—C26−0.3 (7)C24—C29—C17—N4179.5 (4)
C29—C28—C27—C26−0.9 (8)C24—C29—C17—C18−0.6 (6)
C1—C2—C7—N2−1.9 (6)C24—C29—C28—C271.0 (7)
C1—C2—C7—C6178.6 (4)C24—C25—C26—C270.4 (8)
C1—C2—C3—C4−179.3 (4)C19—C18—C23—N5−179.8 (4)
C1—C13—C8—N22.4 (6)C19—C18—C23—C22−0.3 (7)
C1—C13—C8—C9−177.5 (4)C28—C29—C17—N4−0.6 (7)
C1—C13—C12—C11178.2 (4)C28—C29—C17—C18179.4 (4)
C13—C8—C9—C10−0.8 (7)C28—C29—C24—N5−179.4 (4)
C13—C12—C11—C10−0.8 (7)C28—C29—C24—C25−0.3 (6)
C17—C29—C24—N50.6 (6)C22—C21—C20—C190.1 (8)
C17—C29—C24—C25179.6 (4)C25—C26—C27—C280.2 (8)
C17—C29—C28—C27−179.0 (5)C16—N3—C14—O1−177.2 (6)
C17—C18—C23—N50.9 (6)C32—N6—C30—O2177.7 (6)
C17—C18—C23—C22−179.7 (4)C15—N3—C14—O1−0.8 (9)
C17—C18—C19—C20179.7 (4)C31—N6—C30—O2−0.1 (10)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N2—H2···O10.861.862.723 (5)176
N4—H4A···Cl20.862.403.225 (3)160
N4—H4B···Cl10.862.383.211 (4)163
N1—H1A···Cl10.862.393.209 (3)160
N1—H1B···Cl20.862.423.246 (3)162
N5—H5A···O20.861.882.740 (5)175
  15 in total

1.  The Cambridge Structural Database: a quarter of a million crystal structures and rising.

Authors:  Frank H Allen
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr B       Date:  2002-05-29

2.  The double helix is dehydrated: evidence from the hydrolysis of acridinium ester-labeled probes.

Authors:  M Becker; V Lerum; S Dickson; N C Nelson; E Matsuda
Journal:  Biochemistry       Date:  1999-04-27       Impact factor: 3.162

3.  Novel activity of acriflavine against colorectal cancer tumor cells.

Authors:  Saadia Hassan; Daniel Laryea; Haile Mahteme; Jenny Felth; Mårten Fryknäs; Walid Fayad; Stig Linder; Linda Rickardson; Joachim Gullbo; Wilhelm Graf; Lars Påhlman; Bengt Glimelius; Rolf Larsson; Peter Nygren
Journal:  Cancer Sci       Date:  2011-10-12       Impact factor: 6.716

4.  Efficacy of novel acridine derivatives in the inhibition of hPrP90-231 prion protein fragment toxicity.

Authors:  Valentina Villa; Michele Tonelli; Stefano Thellung; Alessandro Corsaro; Bruno Tasso; Federica Novelli; Caterina Canu; Albiana Pino; Katia Chiovitti; Domenico Paludi; Claudio Russo; Anna Sparatore; Antonio Aceto; Vito Boido; Fabio Sparatore; Tullio Florio
Journal:  Neurotox Res       Date:  2010-04-20       Impact factor: 3.911

Review 5.  Acridine derivatives: a patent review (2009 - 2010).

Authors:  Jatinder Kaur; Palwinder Singh
Journal:  Expert Opin Ther Pat       Date:  2011-02-16       Impact factor: 6.674

6.  Preparation of silver nanoprisms using poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) as a colloid-stabilizing agent and the effect of silver nanoparticles on the photophysical properties of cationic dyes.

Authors:  Amilcar Machulek Junior; Hueder Paulo Moisés de Oliveira; Marcelo Henrique Gehlen
Journal:  Photochem Photobiol Sci       Date:  2003-09       Impact factor: 3.982

7.  Next-Generation Antimalarial Drugs: Hybrid Molecules as a New Strategy in Drug Design.

Authors:  Francis W Muregi; Akira Ishih
Journal:  Drug Dev Res       Date:  2010-02       Impact factor: 4.360

8.  Antibiotic and antiseptic resistance genes are linked on a novel mobile genetic element: Tn6087.

Authors:  Lena Ciric; Peter Mullany; Adam P Roberts
Journal:  J Antimicrob Chemother       Date:  2011-08-03       Impact factor: 5.790

9.  SHELXT - integrated space-group and crystal-structure determination.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 2.290

10.  Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 1.172

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