Recombinant Vaccine Design Against Clostridium spp. Toxins Using Immunoinformatics Tools.

The emergence of recombinant DNA technology has led to the exploration of the use of the technology to develop novel vaccines. With a fundamental role in vaccines design, several immunoinformatics tools have been created to identify isolated epitopes that stimulate a specific immune response, contributing to effective vaccines development. In the past, vaccine development projects relied entirely on animal experimentation, a relatively expensive and time-consuming process. Currently, use of immunoinformatics tools play a vital role in the antigen analysis and refinement, allowing the identification of possible protective epitopes capable of stimulating convenient humoral or cellular immune responses, in addition to facilitating time and cost reduction of vaccine production. The vaccination aimed at bacterial species of Clostridium spp. has been considered a promising example of use of these approaches in recent years. Based on the literature search, it is possible to understand the best immunoinformatics software used by researchers that facilitate recombinant vaccine antigens design and development. This chapter presents an overview of how these tools are supporting the antigen engineering, aiming at increasing the efficiency of inducing protective immune response in animals.