| Literature DB >> 34908625 |
Mónica Vargas1, Alberto García2,3,4, Yaset Caicedo5, Michael W Parra6, Carlos A Ordoñez2,3,4.
Abstract
Damage control surgery has transformed the management of severely injured trauma patients. It was initially described as a three-step process that included bleeding control, abdominal cavity contamination, and resuscitation in the intensive care unit (ICU) before definitive repair of the injuries. When the patient is admitted into the ICU, the physician should identify all the physiological alterations to establish resuscitation management goals. These strategies allow an early correction of trauma-induced coagulopathy and hypoperfusion increasing the likelihood of survival. The objective of this article is to describe the physiological alterations in a severely injured trauma patient who undergo damage control surgery and to establish an adequate management approach. The physician should always be aware and correct the hypothermia, acidosis, coagulopathy and hypocalcemia presented in the severely injured trauma patients.Entities:
Keywords: Acidosis; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Critical Care; Damage control; Hemorrhage; Hypothermia; Intensive Care Units; hemorrhagic shock; resuscitation
Mesh:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34908625 PMCID: PMC8634272 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v52i2.4810
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
Management of the trauma patient undergoing damage control surgery in Intensive Care Unit
| Management | Intervention |
|---|---|
| Assessment of Acid-Base status | Serial monitoring of blood gases |
| Correction of Hypothermia | Warmed Fluids |
| Active rewarming strategies | |
| Reversal of Coagulopathy | Massive Transfusion Protocol |
| Transfusion therapy guided by viscoelastic tests (TEG / ROTEM) | |
| Correction of electrolytes disturbances | Monitoring and correction of hypocalcemia (Calcium Ion 1.1-1.3 mmol/L) |
| Monitoring and correction of hypercalcemia | |
| Assessment of Tissular Perfusion | Hemodynamic status |
| Tissular perfusion markers (Lactate and Base Excess) | |
| Vasopressor and inotropic support |
Manejo en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del paciente con cirugía de control de daños
| Área de Manejo | Intervención |
|---|---|
| Evaluar estado Acido-Base | Seguimiento seriado de gases arteriales |
| Corregir Hipotermia | Líquidos tibios |
| Métodos de calentamiento multimodal | |
| Revertir Coagulopatía | Transfundir con Protocolo de Transfusión Masiva hasta optimizar volumen y coagulación |
| Uso de Pruebas Viscoelásticas para guiar terapia transfusional | |
| Corregir alteraciones electrolíticas | Monitorizar y corregir hipocalcemia (Calcio Ionizado 1.1-1.3 mmol/L) |
| Monitorizar y corregir hipercalcemia | |
| Evaluar perfusión tisular | Determinar perfil hemodinámico (Macro hemodinamia) |
| Marcadores de Perfusión Tisular (Niveles de Lactato Sérico, Base Exceso) | |
| Soporte Vasopresor e inotrópico según perfil |
| 1) Why was this study conducted? |
| When the patient is admitted into the ICU, the physician should identify all the physiological alterations to establish resuscitation management goals. These strategies allow an early correction of trauma-induced coagulopathy and hypoperfusion increasing the likelihood of survival. The objective of this article is to describe the physiological alterations in a severely injured trauma patient who undergo damage control surgery and to establish an adequate management approach. |
| 2) What were the most relevant results of the study? |
| The severely injured trauma patient who undergoes damage control surgery and is admitted to the Intensive Care Unit should always have a comprehensive evaluation that allows the physician to identify all the physiological alterations and establish the resuscitation management goals. These strategies allow an early correction of trauma-induced coagulopathy and hypoperfusion increasing the likelihood of survival. |
| 3) What do these results contribute? |
| The physician should always be aware and correct the hypothermia, acidosis, coagulopathy and hypocalcemia presented in the severely injured trauma patients. |
| 1) ¿Por qué se realizó este estudio? |
| El objetivo de este artículo es describir las alteraciones que presentan los pacientes con trauma severo manejados con cirugía de control de daños y las consideraciones a tener en cuenta para su abordaje terapéutico. |
| 2) ¿Cuáles fueron los resultados más relevantes del estudio? |
| El intensivista debe conocer las alteraciones fisiológicas que puede presentar el paciente de trauma sometido a cirugía de control de daños, especialmente las causadas por la hemorragia masiva. La evaluación de estas alteraciones, de la severidad del sangrado y del estado de choque, y estimar en qué punto de la reanimación se encuentra el paciente a su ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos son fundamentales para definir la estrategia de monitoria y soporte a seguir. |
| 3¿Qué aportan estos resultados? |
| El paciente con trauma severo sometido a cirugía de control de daños que ingresa a UCI se debe identificar las alteraciones fisiológicas y establecer metas para la toma de decisiones que permita la corrección temprana de la coagulopatía y la hipoperfusión. |