| Literature DB >> 34900097 |
Eduardo Velásquez-Girón1, James A Zapata-Copete2.
Abstract
Obstetric brachial plexus palsy is a rather common injury in newborns, caused by traction to the brachial plexus during labor. In this context, with the present systematic review, we aimed to explore the use of nerve graft and nerve transfer as procedures to improve elbow flexion in children with obstetric palsy. For the present review, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Wholis and SCOPUS databases. Predetermined criteria defined the following requirements for inclusion of a study: Clinical trials, quasi-experiments, and cohort studies that performed nerve graft and nerve transfer in children (≤ 3 years old) with diagnosis of obstetric palsy. The risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions assessment tool was used for nonrandomized studies. Out of seven studies that used both procedures, three of them compared the procedures of nerve graft with nerve transfer, and the other four combined them as a reconstructive method for children with obstetric palsy. According to the Medical Research Council grading system, both methods improved equally elbow flexion in the children. Overall, our results showed that both techniques of nerve graft and nerve transfer are equally good options for nerve reconstruction in cases of obstetric palsy. More studies approaching nerve reconstruction techniques in obstetric palsy should be made, preferably randomized clinical trials, to validate the results of the present systematic review. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: allogenic grafts; nerve transfer; obstetrical brachial plexus palsy
Year: 2021 PMID: 34900097 PMCID: PMC8651435 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729586
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Fig. 1PRISMA flow diagram of selected studies
Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review that used nerve graft and nerve transfer
| Studies that compared nerve graft versus nerve transfer | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author, year | Country | Study design | (n) Nerve graft | (n) Nerve transfer | Age at sugery (nerve graft) (months old) | Age at sugery (nerve transfer) (months old) | Female % | Follow-up period (months) |
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Chang et al. 2018,
| USA | Retrospective cohort study | 28 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 62% | 12 |
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Luszawski et al. 2017,
| Poland | Retrospective study | 14 | 5 | < 18 | < 18 | NS | > 12 |
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Malessy et al. 2014,
| Netherlands | Retrospective study | 17 | 17 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 56% | 70 |
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Bhandari et al. 2015
| India | Retrospective study | 32 | 3.5 to 23 | NS | 24.3 | ||
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Birch et al. 2005
| England | Prospective study | 100 | 7 | 45% | 85 | ||
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Terzis et al 2009
| USA | Retrospective study | 23 | 14 | 44% | 78 | ||
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Xu et al. 2000
| China | Retrospective study | 10 | 4.5 | 40% | 44.3 | ||
Abbreviation: NS, not specified.
Medical Research Council values of studies that compared nerve graft versus nerve transfer
| Author | Injury | MRC nerve transfer PO (%) | Injury | MRC nerve graft PO (%) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Chang et al. 2018
| C5-C6, C5-C7, C5-T1, C5-T1+ Horner sign | M3 (NS) | C5-C6, C5-C7, C5-T1, C5-T1+ Horner sign | M2 (NS) | 0.77 |
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Luszawski et al. 2017
| C5-C7 | > M3 (100%) | C5-C6, C5-C7, C5-T1 | > M3 (77%) | NS |
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Malessy & Pondaag, 2014
| C5-C6 anterior root filament | ≥M4 (100%) | C5-anterior division of superior trunk | ≥M4 (100%) | NS |
| C5-C6 | ≥M4 (100%) |
Abbreviations: MRC, Medical Research Council grading system; NS, not specified; PO, postoperative.
Fig. 1Fluxograma PRISMA dos estudos escolhidos.
Características dos estudos incluídos na revisão sistemática que utilizaram enxerto e transferência de nervo
| Estudos que compararam enxerto de nervo e transferência de nervo | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autor, ano | País | Delineamento experimental | (n) Enxerto de nervo | (n) Transferência de nervo | Idade à cirurgia (Enxerto de nervo) em meses | Idade à cirurgia (Transferência de nervo) em meses | % Sexo feminino | Período de acompanhamento (meses) |
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Chang et al., 2018
| Estados Unidos | Estudo de coorte retrospectiva | 28 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 62% | 12 |
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Luszawski et al., 2017
| Polônia | Estudo retrospectivo | 14 | 5 | < 18 | < 18 | NE | > 12 |
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Malessy et al., 2014
| Holanda | Estudo retrospectivo | 17 | 17 | 5,7 | 5,7 | 56% | 70 |
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Bhandari et al., 2015
| Índia | Estudo retrospectivo | 32 | 3,5 a 23 | NE | 24,3 | ||
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Birch et al., 2005
| Inglaterra | Estudo prospectivo | 100 | 7 | 45% | 85 | ||
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Terzis e Kokkalis, 2009
| Estados Unidos | Estudo retrospectivo | 23 | 14 | 44% | 78 | ||
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Xu et al., 2000
| China | Estudo retrospectivo | 10 | 4,5 | 40% | 44,3 | ||
Abreviação: NE, não especificado.
Valores de MRC dos estudos que compararam enxertos e transferências de nervos
| Autor | Lesão | MRC da transferência de nervo, PO (%) | Lesão | MRC do enxerto de nervo, PO (%) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Chang et al., 2018
| C5-C6, C5-C7, C5-T1, C5-T1+ sinal de Horner | M3 (NE) | C5-C6, C5-C7, C5-T1, C5-T1+ sinal de Horner | M2 (NE) | 0,77 |
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Luszawski et al., 2017
| C5-C7 | > M3 (100%) | C5-C6, C5-C7, C5-T1 | >M3 (77%) | NE |
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Malessy e Pondaag, 2014
| C5-C6, filamento da raiz anterior | ≥ M4 (100%) | C5-divisão anterior do tronco superior | ≥M4 (100%) | NE |
| C5-C6 | ≥ M4 (100%) |
Abreviações: MRC, sistema de classificação do Medical Research Council; NE, não especificado; PO, pós-operatório.