| Literature DB >> 34900095 |
Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos1,2, Lucas Furtado Fonseca3, Cesar de Cesar Netto4, Vincenzo Giordano5, Victor Valderrabano6, Stefan Rammelt7.
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by a chronic, progressive and irreversible degradation of the joint surface associated with joint inflammation. The main etiology of ankle OA is post-traumatic and its prevalence is higher among young and obese people. Despite advances in the treatment of fractures around the ankle, the overall risk of developing post-traumatic ankle OA after 20 years is almost 40%, especially in Weber type B and C bimalleolar fractures and in fractures involving the posterior tibial border. In talus fractures, this prevalence approaches 100%, depending on the severity of the lesion and the time of follow-up. In this context, the current understanding of the molecular signaling pathways involved in senescence and chondrocyte apoptosis is fundamental. The treatment of ankle OA is staged and guided by the classification systems and local and patient conditions. The main problems are the limited ability to regenerate articular cartilage, low blood supply, and a shortage of progenitor stem cells. The present update summarizes recent scientific evidence of post-traumatic ankle OA with a major focus on changes of the synovia, cartilage and synovial fluid; as well as the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical implications, treatment options and potential targets for therapeutic agents. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: ankle; cartilage; osteoarthritis; synovial fluid; therapeutics
Year: 2020 PMID: 34900095 PMCID: PMC8651441 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709733
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Original classification systems for ankle osteoarthritis according to the Kellgren-Lawrence Arthritis Grading Scale, the Takakura classification system, the Morrey and Wiedeman classification and the Classification of osteoarthritic changes in the ankle (van Dijk)
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| 0 - no detectable osteoarthritis |
| 1 - doubtful narrowing of the joint space, possible osteophyte |
| 2 - defined osteophytes, definitive narrowing of the joint space |
| 3 - multiple osteophytes, joint space narrowing, some sclerosis |
| 3 - large osteophytes, marked joint space narrowing, severe sclerosis. |
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| I - early sclerosis and osteophytes formation, no joint narrowing. |
| II - medial joint space narrowing, no subchondral bone contact. |
| IIIA - medial joint space obliteration, subchondral bone contact. |
| IIIB - articular space obliteration over the talar domus, subchondral bone contact. |
| IV - joint space obliteration with complete bone contact. |
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| 0 - normal ankle. |
| 1 - small osteophytes and minimal joint narrowing. |
| 2 - moderate osteophytes and moderate joint narrowing. |
| 3 - significant joint narrowing with joint deformation or fusion. |
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| 0 - normal joint or subcentral sclerosis. |
| I - osteophytes with no joint space narrowing. |
| II - joint space narrowing with or without osteophytes. |
| III - (sub)total joint disappearance or joint space deformation. |
Fig. 1Drawings of total ankle prostheses available in Brazil in lateral (upper column) and anteroposterior (lower column) views. ZENITH / Corin Group, TARIC / ImplanCast, INFINITY / Wrigth Medical, INBONE / Wrigth Medical.
Sistemas de Classificação originais para osteoartrite do tornozelo segundo Kellgren-Lawrence Arthritis Grading Scale, Takakura classification system, Morrey and Wiedeman classification e Classification of osteoarthritic changes in the ankle (van Dijk)
| The Kellgren-Lawrence Arthritis Grading Scale. |
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| 0 - nenhuma osteoartrite detectável. |
| 1 - estreitamento duvidoso do espaço articular, possível osteófito. |
| 2 - osteófitos definidos, estreitamento definido do espaço articular. |
| 3 - osteófitos múltiplos, estreitamento do espaço articular, alguma esclerose. |
| 3 - osteófitos grandes, marcado estreitamento do espaço articular, esclerose grave. |
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| I - esclerose precoce e formação de osteófitos, sem estreitamento articular. |
| II - estreitamento do espaço articular medial, sem contato ósseo subcondral. |
| IIIA - obliteração do espaço articular medial, com contato ósseo subcondral. |
| IIIB - obliteração do espaço articular sobre o domus talar, com contato ósseo subcondral. |
| IV - obliteração do espaço articular com contato ósseo completo. |
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| 0 - tornozelo normal. |
| 1 - pequenos osteófitos e estreitamento articular mínimo. |
| 2 - osteófitos moderados e estreitamento articular moderado. |
| 3 - estreitamento articular significativo com deformação ou fusão articular. |
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| 0 - articular normal ou esclerose subcentral. |
| I - osteófitos sem estreitamento do espaço articular. |
| II - estreitamento do espaço articular com ou sem osteófitos. |
| III - desaparecimento articular (sub)total ou deformação do espaço articular. |
Fig. 1Desenhos de próteses totais do tornozelo disponíveis no Brasil em incidências perfil (coluna superior) e anteroposterior (coluna inferior). ZENITH / Corin Group, TARIC / ImplanCast, INFINITY / Wrigth Medical, INBONE / Wrigth Medical.