Urban-rural differences in factors affecting mortality and causes of death among older adults.

This study examined the differences in factors affecting mortality between urban and rural areas in Taiwan. A retrospective study design was adopted by using the older adult health examination data during 2013-2019 from Hualien, Taiwan. The overall mortality risk in rural areas was significantly higher than urban areas. However, there was no significant difference in the mortality risk between the urban and rural older adults with unhealthy behaviors. Betel nut chewing was a significant risk factor of mortality among the rural older adults, while alcohol consumption was a protective factor; smoking, hepatitis C, and mental illness were significant risk factors among the urban older adults. The rural older adults had a higher rate of death from heart disease and lower rate of death from sepsis than the urban older adults. This study highlights the importance of individualized health promotion strategies for urban and rural areas for reducing mortality from disease.