Data Enhancement and Deep Learning for Bone Age Assessment using The Standards of Skeletal Maturity of Hand and Wrist for Chinese.

Conventional methods for artificial age determination of skeletal bones have several problems, such as strong subjectivity, large random errors, complex evaluation processes, and long evaluation cycles. In this study, an automated age determination of skeletal bones was performed based on Deep Learning. Two methods were used to evaluate bone age, one based on examining all bones in the palm and another based on the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) method. Both methods were evaluated using the same test dataset. Moreover, we can extend the dataset and increase the generalisation ability of the network by data expansion. Consequently, a more accurate bone age can be obtained. This method can reduce the average error of the final bone age evaluation and lower the upper limit of the absolute value of the error of the single bone age. The experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can provide doctors and users with more stable, efficient and convenient diagnosis support and decision support.