Influence of Calcined Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum and Calcium Aluminate on the Strength and AFt Evolution of Fly Ash Blended Concrete under Steam Curing.

In order to improve the early strength of fly ash blended cement concrete under steam curing conditions, fly ash was partly substituted by calcined flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and active calcium aluminate. The effect of the composition and curing condition on the workability, mechanical property, and volume stability was systematically evaluated. The variety of hydration products and the evolution was determined by XRD to explore the formation kinetic of ettringite. Results show that the addition of calcined FGD gypsum and active calcium aluminate is able to improve the early compressive strength but using more FGD gypsum and a high sulfur aluminum ratio leads to a reduction in compressive strength from 28 to 90 days due to the increment of ettringite and crystallization of dihydrate gypsum. Both the free expansion ratio and limited expansion exhibited a continuous increasement with time, especially in the first 14 days of testing. Cracks were not observed on the surface of samples immersed in water for a year. The improvement of strength and shrinkage resistance is mainly due to the formation of ettringite generated before 14 days and the precipitation was highly limited from 14 to 28 days. Moreover, the characteristic peak of gypsum appeared after 28 days, indicating the conversion of partial of calcined FGD gypsum. The work presented here provides a new solution for improving the early strength of fly ash concrete without reducing the later strength and consuming extra energy.