Katherine Ogurtsova1, Leonor Guariguata2, Noël C Barengo3, Paz Lopez-Doriga Ruiz4, Julian W Sacre5, Suvi Karuranga6, Hong Sun7, Edward J Boyko8, Dianna J Magliano9. 1. Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: katherine.ogurtsova@ddz.de. 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados. Electronic address: leonor.guariguata@mycavehill.uwi.edu. 3. Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine & Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA. Electronic address: nbarengo@fiu.edu. 4. Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: Paz.Lopez-Doriga.Ruiz@fhi.no. 5. Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: Julian.Sacre@baker.edu.au. 6. The International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Suvi.Karuranga@idf.org. 7. Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: Hong.Sun@idf.org. 8. Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: eboyko@uw.edu. 9. Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash University, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: Dianna.Magliano@baker.edu.au.
Abstract
AIMS: To provide up-to-date estimates of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (UDM) prevalence - both globally, and by region/country, for the year 2021. METHODS: Data sources reporting diabetes prevalence were identified through a systematic search in the peer-reviewed and grey literature. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated from the data from each country where data was available. For countries without in-country data, the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was approximated by extrapolating the average of the estimates from countries with data sources within the same International Diabetes Federation (IDF) region and World Bank income grouping. We then applied these stratified prevalence estimates of UDM from each country to the number of adults in each strata and summed the counts to generate the number of adults with UDM (aged 20-79 years) for 215 countries and territories. RESULTS: In 2021, almost one in two adults (20-79 years old) with diabetes were unaware of their diabetes status (44.7%; 239.7 million). The highest proportions of undiagnosed diabetes (53.6%) were found in the Africa, Western Pacific (52.8%) and South-East Asia regions (51.3%), respectively. The lowest proportion of undiagnosed diabetes was observed in North America and the Caribbean (24.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes surveillance needs to be strengthened to reduce the prevalence of UDM, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
AIMS: To provide up-to-date estimates of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (UDM) prevalence - both globally, and by region/country, for the year 2021. METHODS: Data sources reporting diabetes prevalence were identified through a systematic search in the peer-reviewed and grey literature. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated from the data from each country where data was available. For countries without in-country data, the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was approximated by extrapolating the average of the estimates from countries with data sources within the same International Diabetes Federation (IDF) region and World Bank income grouping. We then applied these stratified prevalence estimates of UDM from each country to the number of adults in each strata and summed the counts to generate the number of adults with UDM (aged 20-79 years) for 215 countries and territories. RESULTS: In 2021, almost one in two adults (20-79 years old) with diabetes were unaware of their diabetes status (44.7%; 239.7 million). The highest proportions of undiagnosed diabetes (53.6%) were found in the Africa, Western Pacific (52.8%) and South-East Asia regions (51.3%), respectively. The lowest proportion of undiagnosed diabetes was observed in North America and the Caribbean (24.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes surveillance needs to be strengthened to reduce the prevalence of UDM, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.