BACKGROUND: : Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging condition that was first identified in paediatrics at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The condition is also known as pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (PIMS-TS or PIMS), and multiple definitions have been established for this condition that share overlapping features with Kawasaki Disease and toxic shock syndrome. METHODS: : A review was conducted to identify literature describing the epidemiology of MIS-C, published up until March 9, 2021. A database established at the Public Health Agency of Canada with COVID-19 literature was searched for articles referencing MIS-C, PIMS or Kawasaki Disease in relation to COVID-19. RESULTS: : A total of 195 out of 988 articles were included in the review. The median age of MIS-C patients was between seven and 10 years of age, although children of all ages (and adults) can be affected. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children disproportionately affected males (58% patients), and Black and Hispanic children seem to be at an elevated risk for developing MIS-C. Roughly 62% of MIS-C patients required admission to an intensive care unit, with one in five patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Between 0% and 2% of MIS-C patients died, depending on the population and available interventions. CONCLUSION: : Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children can affect children of all ages. A significant proportion of patients required intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation and 0%-2% of cases resulted in fatalities. More evidence is needed on the role of race, ethnicity and comorbidities in the development of MIS-C.
BACKGROUND: : Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging condition that was first identified in paediatrics at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The condition is also known as pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (PIMS-TS or PIMS), and multiple definitions have been established for this condition that share overlapping features with Kawasaki Disease and toxic shock syndrome. METHODS: : A review was conducted to identify literature describing the epidemiology of MIS-C, published up until March 9, 2021. A database established at the Public Health Agency of Canada with COVID-19 literature was searched for articles referencing MIS-C, PIMS or Kawasaki Disease in relation to COVID-19. RESULTS: : A total of 195 out of 988 articles were included in the review. The median age of MIS-C patients was between seven and 10 years of age, although children of all ages (and adults) can be affected. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children disproportionately affected males (58% patients), and Black and Hispanic children seem to be at an elevated risk for developing MIS-C. Roughly 62% of MIS-C patients required admission to an intensive care unit, with one in five patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Between 0% and 2% of MIS-C patients died, depending on the population and available interventions. CONCLUSION: : Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children can affect children of all ages. A significant proportion of patients required intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation and 0%-2% of cases resulted in fatalities. More evidence is needed on the role of race, ethnicity and comorbidities in the development of MIS-C.
Authors: Leora R Feldstein; Mark W Tenforde; Kevin G Friedman; Margaret Newhams; Erica Billig Rose; Heda Dapul; Vijaya L Soma; Aline B Maddux; Peter M Mourani; Cindy Bowens; Mia Maamari; Mark W Hall; Becky J Riggs; John S Giuliano; Aalok R Singh; Simon Li; Michele Kong; Jennifer E Schuster; Gwenn E McLaughlin; Stephanie P Schwartz; Tracie C Walker; Laura L Loftis; Charlotte V Hobbs; Natasha B Halasa; Sule Doymaz; Christopher J Babbitt; Janet R Hume; Shira J Gertz; Katherine Irby; Katharine N Clouser; Natalie Z Cvijanovich; Tamara T Bradford; Lincoln S Smith; Sabrina M Heidemann; Sheemon P Zackai; Kari Wellnitz; Ryan A Nofziger; Steven M Horwitz; Ryan W Carroll; Courtney M Rowan; Keiko M Tarquinio; Elizabeth H Mack; Julie C Fitzgerald; Bria M Coates; Ashley M Jackson; Cameron C Young; Mary Beth F Son; Manish M Patel; Jane W Newburger; Adrienne G Randolph Journal: JAMA Date: 2021-03-16 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Shana Godfred-Cato; Bobbi Bryant; Jessica Leung; Matthew E Oster; Laura Conklin; Joseph Abrams; Katherine Roguski; Bailey Wallace; Emily Prezzato; Emilia H Koumans; Ellen H Lee; Anita Geevarughese; Maura K Lash; Kathleen H Reilly; Wendy P Pulver; Deepam Thomas; Kenneth A Feder; Katherine K Hsu; Nottasorn Plipat; Gillian Richardson; Heather Reid; Sarah Lim; Ann Schmitz; Timmy Pierce; Susan Hrapcak; Deblina Datta; Sapna Bamrah Morris; Kevin Clarke; Ermias Belay Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2020-08-14 Impact factor: 17.586
Authors: Eva Leidman; Lindsey M Duca; John D Omura; Krista Proia; James W Stephens; Erin K Sauber-Schatz Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2021-01-22 Impact factor: 17.586
Authors: Gabriel J Escobar; Alyce S Adams; Vincent X Liu; Lauren Soltesz; Yi-Fen Irene Chen; Stephen M Parodi; G Thomas Ray; Laura C Myers; Charulata M Ramaprasad; Richard Dlott; Catherine Lee Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2021-02-09 Impact factor: 25.391
Authors: Ellen H Lee; Kelsey L Kepler; Anita Geevarughese; Rachel Paneth-Pollak; Marie S Dorsinville; Stephanie Ngai; Kathleen H Reilly Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2020-11-02
Authors: Olivia V Swann; Karl A Holden; Lance Turtle; Louisa Pollock; Cameron J Fairfield; Thomas M Drake; Sohan Seth; Conor Egan; Hayley E Hardwick; Sophie Halpin; Michelle Girvan; Chloe Donohue; Mark Pritchard; Latifa B Patel; Shamez Ladhani; Louise Sigfrid; Ian P Sinha; Piero L Olliaro; Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam; Peter W Horby; Laura Merson; Gail Carson; Jake Dunning; Peter J M Openshaw; J Kenneth Baillie; Ewen M Harrison; Annemarie B Docherty; Malcolm G Semple Journal: BMJ Date: 2020-08-27