Gypsyamber D'Souza1, Weiqun Tong1, Deborah Gustafson2, Maria L Alcaide3, Cecile D Lahiri4, Anjali Sharma5, Audrey L French6, Frank J Palella7, Mirjam-Colette Kempf8, Matthew J Mimiaga9, Catalina Ramirez10, Seble Kassaye11, Charles R Rinaldo12, Todd T Brown13, Phyllis C Tien14, Adaora A Adimora15. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. 2. Department of Neurology, State of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY. 3. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL. 4. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. 5. Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. 6. Department of Medicine, CORE Center/Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago IL. 7. Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. 8. Schools of Nursing, Public Health and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. 9. Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. 10. Department of Medicine, UNC School Division of Medicine, The Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. 11. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. 12. Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 13. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 14. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco, CA. 15. Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms among people living with HIV (PLWH) are not well described. SETTING: Longitudinal survey within the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) of PLWH compared with similar HIV-seronegative (SN) individuals. METHODS: Telephone-administered survey of MWCCS participants at 13 clinical research sites across the United States addressing COVID-19 symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 testing, and pandemic impact on social distancing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. Primary data collection occurred during May (wave 1), June-July (wave 2), and August-September, 2020 (wave 3). RESULTS: One-third of MWCCS participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection; 10% was tested ≥2 times. Similar proportions of PLWH and SN participants were tested, but SARS-CoV-2 positivity was higher among PLWH than among SN individuals (9.4% vs 4.8%, P = 0.003). Odds of SARS-CoV-2 positivity remained higher among PLWH after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and study site (adjusted odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.2 to 3.2). SARS-CoV-2 positivity was not associated with CD4 cell counts among PLWH. Among SARS-CoV-2 positive participants, 9% had no symptoms, 7% had 1-2 mild symptoms, and 84% had ≥3 symptoms. Most of the (98%) participants reported physical distancing during all survey waves; self-reported ART adherence among PLWH was not adversely affected during the pandemic compared with the previous year (similar adherence in 89% of participants, improved in 9% of participants, and decreased in 2% of participants). CONCLUSIONS: Despite similar SARS-CoV-2 testing and physical distancing profiles by HIV serostatus among MWCCS participants, PLWH who reported SARS-CoV-2 testing were more likely to have a positive test result. Additional studies are needed to determine whether and why PLWH are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms among people living with HIV (PLWH) are not well described. SETTING: Longitudinal survey within the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) of PLWH compared with similar HIV-seronegative (SN) individuals. METHODS: Telephone-administered survey of MWCCS participants at 13 clinical research sites across the United States addressing COVID-19 symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 testing, and pandemic impact on social distancing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. Primary data collection occurred during May (wave 1), June-July (wave 2), and August-September, 2020 (wave 3). RESULTS: One-third of MWCCS participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection; 10% was tested ≥2 times. Similar proportions of PLWH and SN participants were tested, but SARS-CoV-2 positivity was higher among PLWH than among SN individuals (9.4% vs 4.8%, P = 0.003). Odds of SARS-CoV-2 positivity remained higher among PLWH after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and study site (adjusted odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.2 to 3.2). SARS-CoV-2 positivity was not associated with CD4 cell counts among PLWH. Among SARS-CoV-2 positive participants, 9% had no symptoms, 7% had 1-2 mild symptoms, and 84% had ≥3 symptoms. Most of the (98%) participants reported physical distancing during all survey waves; self-reported ART adherence among PLWH was not adversely affected during the pandemic compared with the previous year (similar adherence in 89% of participants, improved in 9% of participants, and decreased in 2% of participants). CONCLUSIONS: Despite similar SARS-CoV-2 testing and physical distancing profiles by HIV serostatus among MWCCS participants, PLWH who reported SARS-CoV-2 testing were more likely to have a positive test result. Additional studies are needed to determine whether and why PLWH are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Authors: Jamile Ballivian; Maria L Alcaide; Diego Cecchini; Deborah L Jones; John M Abbamonte; Isabel Cassetti Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2020-12-01 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Gypsyamber D'Souza; Fiona Bhondoekhan; Lorie Benning; Joseph B Margolick; Adebola A Adedimeji; Adaora A Adimora; Maria L Alcaide; Mardge H Cohen; Roger Detels; M Reuel Friedman; Susan Holman; Deborah J Konkle-Parker; Daniel Merenstein; Igho Ofotokun; Frank Palella; Sean Altekruse; Todd T Brown; Phyllis C Tien Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2021-08-01 Impact factor: 5.363
Authors: James M Tesoriero; Carol-Ann E Swain; Jennifer L Pierce; Lucila Zamboni; Meng Wu; David R Holtgrave; Charles J Gonzalez; Tomoko Udo; Johanne E Morne; Rachel Hart-Malloy; Deepa T Rajulu; Shu-Yin John Leung; Eli S Rosenberg Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2021-02-01
Authors: Marya Gwadz; Stephanie Campos; Robert Freeman; Charles M Cleland; Leo Wilton; Dawa Sherpa; Amanda S Ritchie; Robert L Hawkins; J Yvette Allen; Belkis Y Martinez; Caroline Dorsen; Linda M Collins; Theresa Hroncich; Sabrina R Cluesman; Noelle R Leonard Journal: AIDS Behav Date: 2021-02-10
Authors: Krishnan Bhaskaran; Christopher T Rentsch; Brian MacKenna; Anna Schultze; Amir Mehrkar; Chris J Bates; Rosalind M Eggo; Caroline E Morton; Sebastian C J Bacon; Peter Inglesby; Ian J Douglas; Alex J Walker; Helen I McDonald; Jonathan Cockburn; Elizabeth J Williamson; David Evans; Harriet J Forbes; Helen J Curtis; William J Hulme; John Parry; Frank Hester; Sam Harper; Stephen J W Evans; Liam Smeeth; Ben Goldacre Journal: Lancet HIV Date: 2020-12-11 Impact factor: 12.767
Authors: Gypsyamber D'Souza; Gayle Springer; Deborah Gustafson; Seble Kassaye; Maria L Alcaide; Catalina Ramirez; Anjali Sharma; Frank J Palella; Phyllis C Tien; Roger Detels; Mirjam-Colette Kempf; Cecile D Lahiri; Charles R Rinaldo; Audrey L French; Joseph B Margolick; Ada A Adimora Journal: HIV Res Clin Pract Date: 2020-11-19
Authors: Seth C Kalichman; Lisa A Eaton; Marcie Berman; Moira O Kalichman; Harold Katner; Soya S Sam; Angela M Caliendo Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2020-09-01 Impact factor: 3.771