[Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia: treatment strategies and new insights].

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in infants, especially KMT2A gene rearranged ALL (KMT2A-rALL), is a rare disease. Its prognosis is extremely poor, with a reported long-term event-free survival rate of ≤50%. In addition, acute and late toxicities caused by intensive treatment remain issues to be resolved. In the context of this background, the introduction of a more appropriate stratification and a novel treatment with minimal toxicities are urgently required. Establishment of evidence-based novel treatment strategies through an international collaborative study is important owing to the rarity of the disease. Currently, an international collaborative study with a European study group, which includes blinatumomab combined therapy, has been proposed. We herein review previous key clinical trials and the latest treatment strategies for infant ALL.