Kaoru Imai1, Makoto Tanaka2, Seiji Miyoshi2, Ren Murakami2, Akifumi Hagi2, Sachi Yamagawa2, Daisuke Sano3. 1. Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. 2. Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan. 3. Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. Electronic address: daisuke.sano.e1@tohoku.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the virucidal activity of a new olanexidine-containing formulation for hand hygiene (olanexidine gluconate hand rub; OLG-HR) against non-enveloped viruses and to understand its mechanism of action. METHODS: The virucidal activities of OLG-HR against two strains of caliciviruses and three adenovirus serotypes were evaluated through suspension tests. Also, virus-like particles were used to predict the effect of olanexidine gluconate on virus particle structure. RESULTS: The results of suspension tests under conditions with and without interfering substances (1.5% BSA) indicated that OLG-HR had a broad-spectrum effect against non-enveloped viruses, and the virucidal effect was unaffected by organic contaminants. Furthermore, olanexidine inhibited the binding ability of virus-like particles to the binding receptor of human norovirus and increased the aggregation of virus-like particles in a dose-dependent manner. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the virus-like particles was affected by exposure to olanexidine, indicating that the protein-denaturing effect of olanexidine gluconate caused the loss of receptor-binding capability of the viral capsid protein. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that olanexidine gluconate is a potential biological and environmental disinfectant against norovirus and adenovirus.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the virucidal activity of a new olanexidine-containing formulation for hand hygiene (olanexidine gluconate hand rub; OLG-HR) against non-enveloped viruses and to understand its mechanism of action. METHODS: The virucidal activities of OLG-HR against two strains of caliciviruses and three adenovirus serotypes were evaluated through suspension tests. Also, virus-like particles were used to predict the effect of olanexidine gluconate on virus particle structure. RESULTS: The results of suspension tests under conditions with and without interfering substances (1.5% BSA) indicated that OLG-HR had a broad-spectrum effect against non-enveloped viruses, and the virucidal effect was unaffected by organic contaminants. Furthermore, olanexidine inhibited the binding ability of virus-like particles to the binding receptor of human norovirus and increased the aggregation of virus-like particles in a dose-dependent manner. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the virus-like particles was affected by exposure to olanexidine, indicating that the protein-denaturing effect of olanexidine gluconate caused the loss of receptor-binding capability of the viral capsid protein. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that olanexidine gluconate is a potential biological and environmental disinfectant against norovirus and adenovirus.
Authors: Khalil Ettayebi; Wilhelm Salmen; Kaoru Imai; Akifumi Hagi; Frederick H Neill; Robert L Atmar; B V Venkataram Prasad; Mary K Estes Journal: mBio Date: 2022-03-17 Impact factor: 7.786