Alexis Elias Malavazos1,2, Sara Basilico1, Gianluca Iacobellis3, Valentina Milani4, Rosanna Cardani5, Federico Boniardi1, Carola Dubini1, Ilaria Prandoni1, Gloria Capitanio1, Laura Valentina Renna5, Sara Boveri4, Roberta Rigolini6, Matteo Carrara7, Giovanni Spuria7, Teresa Cuppone4, Aurelia D'acquisto4, Luca Carpinelli4, Marta Sacchi8, Lelio Morricone1, Francesco Secchi9,10, Elena Costa8, Lorenzo Menicanti4, Enzo Nisoli11, Michele Carruba11, Federico Ambrogi4,12, Massimiliano Marco Corsi Romanelli6,10. 1. Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS San Donato Polyclinic, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy. 2. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 3. Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA. 4. Scientific Directorate, IRCCS San Donato Polyclinic, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy. 5. Biobank BioCor, Service of Laboratory Medicine1-Clinical Pathology, IRCCS San Donato Polyclinic, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy. 6. Operative Unit of Laboratory Medicine1-Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS San Donato Polyclinic, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy. 7. Residency Program in Clinical Pathology and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 8. Service of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS San Donato Polyclinic, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy. 9. Unit of Radiology, IRCCS San Donato Polyclinic, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy. 10. Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 11. Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Centre for Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 12. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The excess of visceral adipose tissue might hinder and delay immune response. How people with abdominal obesity (AO) will respond to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is yet to be established. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses were evaluated after the first and second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, comparing the response of individuals with AO with the response of those without, and discerning between individuals with or without prior infection. METHODS: Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-neutralizing antibodies against the Trimeric complex (IgG-TrimericS) were measured at four time points: at baseline, at day 21 after vaccine dose 1, and at 1 and 3 months after dose 2. Nucleocapsid antibodies were assessed to detect prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Waist circumference was measured to determine AO. RESULTS: Between the first and third month after vaccine dose 2, the drop in IgG-TrimericS levels was more remarkable in individuals with AO compared with those without AO (2.44-fold [95% CI: 2.22-2.63] vs. 1.82-fold [95% CI: 1.69-1.92], respectively, p < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression confirmed this result after inclusion of assessed confounders (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The waning antibody levels in individuals with AO may further support recent recommendations to offer booster vaccines to adults with high-risk medical conditions, including obesity, and particularly to those with a more prevalent AO phenotype.
OBJECTIVE: The excess of visceral adipose tissue might hinder and delay immune response. How people with abdominal obesity (AO) will respond to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is yet to be established. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses were evaluated after the first and second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, comparing the response of individuals with AO with the response of those without, and discerning between individuals with or without prior infection. METHODS: Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-neutralizing antibodies against the Trimeric complex (IgG-TrimericS) were measured at four time points: at baseline, at day 21 after vaccine dose 1, and at 1 and 3 months after dose 2. Nucleocapsid antibodies were assessed to detect prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Waist circumference was measured to determine AO. RESULTS: Between the first and third month after vaccine dose 2, the drop in IgG-TrimericS levels was more remarkable in individuals with AO compared with those without AO (2.44-fold [95% CI: 2.22-2.63] vs. 1.82-fold [95% CI: 1.69-1.92], respectively, p < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression confirmed this result after inclusion of assessed confounders (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The waning antibody levels in individuals with AO may further support recent recommendations to offer booster vaccines to adults with high-risk medical conditions, including obesity, and particularly to those with a more prevalent AO phenotype.
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