Glenn Leshner1, Lilianna Phan2, Elise M Stevens3, Andrea C Johnson4, Andrea C Villanti5, Narae Kim1, Seunghyun Kim6, Haijing Ma7, Jinhee Seo1, Fuwei Sun8, Brittney Keller-Hamilton9, Theodore L Wagener9, Darren Mays9. 1. Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication, Center for Applied Social Research, University of Oklahoma. 2. Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center. 3. Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School. 4. Department of Psychiatry and Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. 5. Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont. 6. Department of Marketing and Advertising, University of Arkansas-Little Rock. 7. Department of Communication, University of Oklahoma. 8. Department of Journalism, Fu Hsing Kang College, National Defense University. 9. Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Hookah tobacco use among young adults may be driven by misperceptions of health harms and addictiveness, appealing flavors, and social use. This study examined the effects of hookah prevention messages on participants' cognitive and emotional processing in a lab setting. METHOD: One hundred twenty participants (61 susceptible never-users, 59 current users) were exposed to messages representing six categories: health risks only, health risks of social use, health risks of flavors, addiction risks only, addiction risks of social use, and addiction risks of flavors. Guided by the Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing, participants' psychophysiological responses (heart rate, skin conductance, facial action coding) were recorded while participants viewed the messages. Recognition memory and counterarguing were measured postexposure. RESULTS: The combination of heart rate, skin conductance, both positive and negative facial action coding, and recognition memory indicated that social themed messages were more defensively processed than the other message types. Addiction-social messages, in particular, were least likely to be encoded. Further, defensive processing indicated by the psychophysiological and recognition data did not vary according to user status. Counterarguing was higher for users than for never-users across all message themes and risks. DISCUSSION: Messages about health risks and addiction, whether or not they included information on flavors, evoked relatively similar responses. But social themed messages stand out as potentially problematic, especially addiction-social messages. Using psychophysiological and self-report measures extend opportunities to identify optimal hookah tobacco public education message features. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
OBJECTIVE: Hookah tobacco use among young adults may be driven by misperceptions of health harms and addictiveness, appealing flavors, and social use. This study examined the effects of hookah prevention messages on participants' cognitive and emotional processing in a lab setting. METHOD: One hundred twenty participants (61 susceptible never-users, 59 current users) were exposed to messages representing six categories: health risks only, health risks of social use, health risks of flavors, addiction risks only, addiction risks of social use, and addiction risks of flavors. Guided by the Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing, participants' psychophysiological responses (heart rate, skin conductance, facial action coding) were recorded while participants viewed the messages. Recognition memory and counterarguing were measured postexposure. RESULTS: The combination of heart rate, skin conductance, both positive and negative facial action coding, and recognition memory indicated that social themed messages were more defensively processed than the other message types. Addiction-social messages, in particular, were least likely to be encoded. Further, defensive processing indicated by the psychophysiological and recognition data did not vary according to user status. Counterarguing was higher for users than for never-users across all message themes and risks. DISCUSSION: Messages about health risks and addiction, whether or not they included information on flavors, evoked relatively similar responses. But social themed messages stand out as potentially problematic, especially addiction-social messages. Using psychophysiological and self-report measures extend opportunities to identify optimal hookah tobacco public education message features. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Authors: Isaac M Lipkus; Thomas Eissenberg; Rochelle D Schwartz-Bloom; Alexander V Prokhorov; Janet Levy Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2011-04-06 Impact factor: 4.244
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Authors: Adrienne J Heinz; Grace E Giedgowd; Natania A Crane; Jennifer C Veilleux; Megan Conrad; Ashley R Braun; Natalia A Olejarska; Jon D Kassel Journal: Addict Behav Date: 2013-07-23 Impact factor: 3.913