| Literature DB >> 34820682 |
Holger Steinberg1, Maria Strauß2.
Abstract
The notion that the adult form of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not a construct of modern psychiatry is increasingly prevailing. Looking into the history of psychiatry can make an enlightening contribution here. Guided by this aim and specifically following literature referred to by Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926), we analyzed the content of one study each by Gustav Specht (1860-1940) and the later Nazi psychiatrist Hermann Paul Nitsche (1876-1948) from 1905 and 1910, respectively, on the topic of chronic mania. Our investigation concluded that in their case studies both authors described people who would today be diagnosed as suffering from adult ADHD as the clinical descriptions reveal core symptoms of this entity as defined by modern classifications. They also mentioned currently discussed research questions. Both authors expressed their dissatisfaction with the classificatory situation of these patients at the time. Specht even postulated a "completely independent mental illness" that he called "chronic mania", under which he classified all the patients suffering from today's adult ADHD. He also pointed out that this diagnosis was not widely recognized at the time by psychiatrists as a full-fledged form of illness but used more as a diagnosis to avoid the embarrassment of not having one. Nitsche saw the "chronic manic states" as he called them as a "clinical peculiarity" but assigned them to the large group of "manic depressive insanity", which could only be more finely differentiated in the future.Entities:
Keywords: Adult; Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Classification; History of psychiatry; Psychiatric entity
Mesh:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34820682 PMCID: PMC9276547 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01233-7
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Nervenarzt ISSN: 0028-2804 Impact factor: 1.297
| Autor | Aufmerksamkeitsstörung | Motorische Überaktivität | Impulsivität | Beginn in der Kindheit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gustav Specht (1905) | „… durch die Ruhelosigkeit und Sprunghaftigkeit im Denken …“ | „… in einer weniger intensiven Ausprägung der manischen Kardinalsymptome …“ | „… expansive Stimmungsrichtung …“; „… aus der Leidenschaft geborenen Urteilsentgleisungen …“ | „Die Entstehung des psychopathologischen Zustandes wird wohl immer mit der Ausreifung der Persönlichkeit zusammenfallen …“ |
| Hermann Paul Nitsche (1910) | „… mangelhafter Fleiß und die Ungleichmäßigkeit seiner Leistungen …“; „… in seiner Rede schweifte er leicht ab …“; „Unvermögen, Tätigkeiten zu Ende zu führen“ | „... dauernde leichte motorische Erregung …“; „… er gestikulierte beim reden lebhaft …rutschte auf dem Stuhle hin und her …“ | „... sei reizbar und zornig …“; „… leichtsinnig… unbedenklich in der Wahl seines Umgangs …“ | „In der Schule habe sich dieser zerstreut gezeigt …“ |
ADHS Aufmerksamketisdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung