Mario Gaudino1, Mary Charlson2, Frank Sellke3. 1. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. 2. Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluative Sciences Research, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. 3. Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence.