Florent Larue1, Tasfia Tasbih2, Paula A B Ribeiro3, Kim L Lavoie4, Emilie Dolan2, Simon L Bacon5. 1. Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Centre Integrée Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux Du Nord de L'Ile de Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, H4B 1R6, Canada; Faculty of Medicine of Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 2. Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Centre Integrée Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux Du Nord de L'Ile de Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, H4B 1R6, Canada. 3. Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Centre Integrée Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux Du Nord de L'Ile de Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada. 4. Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Centre Integrée Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux Du Nord de L'Ile de Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, CP 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada. 5. Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Centre Integrée Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux Du Nord de L'Ile de Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, H4B 1R6, Canada. Electronic address: simon.bacon@concordia.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are widely used devices that were initially created to aid in smoking cessation. However, their acute physiological effects are unclear and there have been a number of E-cig and Vaping Acute Lung Injury (EVALI) events reported. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the immediate physiological effects (i.e. cardiovascular, respiratory or blood-based responses) of acute e-cig usage in humans? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus databases were searched for English or French peer-reviewed articles published until May 20, 2021 and measuring at least one physiological parameter before and after using an e-cig. The study followed PRISMA guidelines and assessed article quality using the Downs and Black checklist. Independent extraction was conducted by two reviewers. Data were pooled using random-effect models. Sensitivity analysis and meta-regressions were performed to explore heterogeneity. MAIN OUTCOMES: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, augmentation index (AIx75), fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and spirometry were the most frequently assessed parameters and were therefore chosen for meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 19823 articles screened, 45 articles were included for the qualitative synthesis, and 27 articles (919 patients) were included in meta-analyses. Acute use of nicotine e-cig was associated with increased heart rate(SMD = 0.71; 95%CI 0.46-0.95), systolic blood pressure (SMD = 0.38; 95%CI 0.18-0.57), diastolic blood pressure (SMD = 0.52; 95%CI 0.33-0.70), and augmentation index AIx75 (SMD = 0.580; 95%CI 0.220-0.941), along with decreased FeNO (SMD = -0.26; 95%CI -0.49 to -0.04). E-cig exposure wasn't associated with significant changes in any spirometry measure. INTERPRETATION: Acute use of nicotine e-cigs was associated with statistically significant cardiovascular and respiratory responses. These devices have a physiological impact that could be clinically relevant, especially in terms of cardiovascular morbidity. However, the direct consequences of long-term e-cig use needs to be further explored.
BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are widely used devices that were initially created to aid in smoking cessation. However, their acute physiological effects are unclear and there have been a number of E-cig and Vaping Acute Lung Injury (EVALI) events reported. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the immediate physiological effects (i.e. cardiovascular, respiratory or blood-based responses) of acute e-cig usage in humans? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus databases were searched for English or French peer-reviewed articles published until May 20, 2021 and measuring at least one physiological parameter before and after using an e-cig. The study followed PRISMA guidelines and assessed article quality using the Downs and Black checklist. Independent extraction was conducted by two reviewers. Data were pooled using random-effect models. Sensitivity analysis and meta-regressions were performed to explore heterogeneity. MAIN OUTCOMES: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, augmentation index (AIx75), fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and spirometry were the most frequently assessed parameters and were therefore chosen for meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 19823 articles screened, 45 articles were included for the qualitative synthesis, and 27 articles (919 patients) were included in meta-analyses. Acute use of nicotine e-cig was associated with increased heart rate(SMD = 0.71; 95%CI 0.46-0.95), systolic blood pressure (SMD = 0.38; 95%CI 0.18-0.57), diastolic blood pressure (SMD = 0.52; 95%CI 0.33-0.70), and augmentation index AIx75 (SMD = 0.580; 95%CI 0.220-0.941), along with decreased FeNO (SMD = -0.26; 95%CI -0.49 to -0.04). E-cig exposure wasn't associated with significant changes in any spirometry measure. INTERPRETATION: Acute use of nicotine e-cigs was associated with statistically significant cardiovascular and respiratory responses. These devices have a physiological impact that could be clinically relevant, especially in terms of cardiovascular morbidity. However, the direct consequences of long-term e-cig use needs to be further explored.
Authors: Jorge Espinoza-Derout; Xuesi M Shao; Candice J Lao; Kamrul M Hasan; Juan Carlos Rivera; Maria C Jordan; Valentina Echeverria; Kenneth P Roos; Amiya P Sinha-Hikim; Theodore C Friedman Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med Date: 2022-04-07
Authors: Nargiz Travis; Marie Knoll; Christopher J Cadham; Steven Cook; Kenneth E Warner; Nancy L Fleischer; Clifford E Douglas; Luz María Sánchez-Romero; Ritesh Mistry; Rafael Meza; Jana L Hirschtick; David T Levy Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-07-25 Impact factor: 4.614