OBJECTIVE: Executive control continues to develop throughout adolescence and is vulnerable to alcohol use. Although longitudinal assessment is ideal for tracking executive function development and onset of alcohol use, prior testing experience must be distinguished from developmental trajectories. METHOD: We used the Stroop Match-to-Sample task to examine the improvement of processing speed and specific cognitive and motor control over 4 years in 445 adolescents. The twice-minus-once-tested method was used and expanded to four test sessions to delineate prior experience (i.e., learning) from development. A General Additive Model evaluated the predictive value of age and sex on executive function development and potential influences of alcohol use on development. RESULTS: Results revealed strong learning between the first two assessments. Adolescents significantly improved their speed processing over 4 years. Compared with boys, girls enhanced ability to control cognitive interference and motor reactions. Finally, the influence of alcohol use initiation was tested over 4 years for development in 110 no/low, 110 moderate/heavy age- and sex-matched drinkers; alcohol effects were not detected in the matched groups. CONCLUSIONS: Estimation of learning effects is crucial for examining developmental changes longitudinally. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
OBJECTIVE: Executive control continues to develop throughout adolescence and is vulnerable to alcohol use. Although longitudinal assessment is ideal for tracking executive function development and onset of alcohol use, prior testing experience must be distinguished from developmental trajectories. METHOD: We used the Stroop Match-to-Sample task to examine the improvement of processing speed and specific cognitive and motor control over 4 years in 445 adolescents. The twice-minus-once-tested method was used and expanded to four test sessions to delineate prior experience (i.e., learning) from development. A General Additive Model evaluated the predictive value of age and sex on executive function development and potential influences of alcohol use on development. RESULTS: Results revealed strong learning between the first two assessments. Adolescents significantly improved their speed processing over 4 years. Compared with boys, girls enhanced ability to control cognitive interference and motor reactions. Finally, the influence of alcohol use initiation was tested over 4 years for development in 110 no/low, 110 moderate/heavy age- and sex-matched drinkers; alcohol effects were not detected in the matched groups. CONCLUSIONS: Estimation of learning effects is crucial for examining developmental changes longitudinally. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Authors: Edith V Sullivan; Wesley K Thompson; Ty Brumback; Devin Prouty; Susan F Tapert; Sandra A Brown; Michael D De Bellis; Kate B Nooner; Fiona C Baker; Ian M Colrain; Duncan B Clark; Bonnie J Nagel; Kilian M Pohl; Adolf Pfefferbaum Journal: BMC Med Res Methodol Date: 2022-06-24 Impact factor: 4.612
Authors: Andrey P Anokhin; Monica Luciana; Marie Banich; Deanna Barch; James M Bjork; Marybel R Gonzalez; Raul Gonzalez; Frank Haist; Joanna Jacobus; Krista Lisdahl; Erin McGlade; Bruce McCandliss; Bonnie Nagel; Sara Jo Nixon; Susan Tapert; James T Kennedy; Wesley Thompson Journal: Dev Cogn Neurosci Date: 2022-01-28 Impact factor: 5.811
Authors: Sara A Lorkiewicz; Fiona C Baker; Eva M Müller-Oehring; Amie Haas; Robert Wickham; Stephanie A Sassoon; Duncan B Clark; Kate B Nooner; Susan F Tapert; Sandra A Brown; Tilman Schulte Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2022-05-06 Impact factor: 4.157