Quality assessment of mitigation translocation protocols for protected plants in France.

Mitigation translocations are increasingly used worldwide in response to land planning pressures. The quality of translocation protocols and their adjustment to the ecological traits of the translocated populations are crucial to optimise translocation success. We studied the quality of translocation protocols presented in derogation requests, a mandatory step in France to translocate a protected plant species. We analysed 103 translocation proposals for 93 different species in 92 files examined between 2018 and 2020. After tracing the history of the place of translocations in legal procedures in France, we assessed each translocation proposal according to an evaluation grid, which involved the quantity and quality of information on plant species and translocation sites in the files and the quality of translocation protocols. We have shown that the translocation protocols are of low quality, with a lot of missing information. The biology and ecology of the species suggested for translocation are not sufficiently known, nor are the ecological characteristics of the host sites. Derogation requests that received a favourable opinion from the assessment body are more likely to propose a protected host site and post-translocation monitoring. We believe that, to optimise their outcome, mitigation translocations need to be improved upstream, with more detailed protocols and better species knowledge. We highly recommend following the same guidelines for mitigation translocations as for conservation translocations.