Shuangshuang Chen1, Geng Zong1, Qingqing Wu2, Huan Yun1, Zhenhua Niu1, He Zheng1, Rong Zeng3,4, Liang Sun5, Xu Lin6,7. 1. Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. 2. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. 3. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. zr@sibs.ac.cn. 4. Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China. zr@sibs.ac.cn. 5. Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. sunliang@sibs.ac.cn. 6. Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China. xlin@sibs.ac.cn. 7. Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. xlin@sibs.ac.cn.
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Glycerophospholipid (GPL) perturbance was linked to the pathogenesis of diabetes in animal studies but prospective studies in humans are rare, particularly in Asians. We aimed to investigate the associations between plasma GPLs and incident diabetes and to explore effects of lifestyle on the associations in a Chinese population. METHODS: The study included 1877 community-dwelling Chinese individuals aged 50-70 years (751 men and 1126 women), free of diabetes at baseline and followed for 6 years. A total of 160 GPL species were quantified in plasma at baseline by using high-throughput targeted lipidomics. Log-Poisson regression was used to assess the associations between GPLs and incidence of diabetes. RESULTS: Over the 6 years of follow-up, 499 participants (26.6%) developed diabetes. After multivariable adjustment, eight GPLs were positively associated with incident diabetes (RRper SD 1.13-1.25; all false-discovery rate [FDR]-corrected p < 0.05), including five novel GLPs, namely phosphatidylcholines (PCs; 16:0/18:1, 18:0/16:1, 18:1/20:3), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC; 20:3) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE; 16:0/16:1), and three reported GPLs (PCs 16:0/16:1, 16:0/20:3 and 18:0/20:3). In network analysis, a PC-containing module was positively associated with incident diabetes (RRper SD 1.16 [95% CI 1.06, 1.26]; FDR-corrected p < 0.05). Notably, three of the diabetes-associated PCs (16:0/16:1, 16:0/18:1 and 18:0/16:1) and PE (16:0/16:1) were associated not only with fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway, especially 16:1n-7 (Spearman correlation coefficients = 0.35-0.62, p < 0.001), but also with an unhealthy dietary pattern high in refined grains and low in fish, dairy and soy products (|factor loadings| ≥0.2). When stratified by physical activity levels, the associations of the eight GPLs and the PC module with incident diabetes were stronger in participants with lower physical activity (RRper SD 1.24-1.49, FDR-corrected p < 0.05) than in those with the median and higher physical activity levels (RRper SD 1.03-1.12, FDR-corrected p ≥ 0.05; FDR-corrected pinteraction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/ INTERPRETATION: Eight GPLs, especially PCs associated with the DNL pathway, were positively associated with incident diabetes in a cohort of Chinese men and women. The associations were most prominent in participants with a low level of physical activity.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Glycerophospholipid (GPL) perturbance was linked to the pathogenesis of diabetes in animal studies but prospective studies in humans are rare, particularly in Asians. We aimed to investigate the associations between plasma GPLs and incident diabetes and to explore effects of lifestyle on the associations in a Chinese population. METHODS: The study included 1877 community-dwelling Chinese individuals aged 50-70 years (751 men and 1126 women), free of diabetes at baseline and followed for 6 years. A total of 160 GPL species were quantified in plasma at baseline by using high-throughput targeted lipidomics. Log-Poisson regression was used to assess the associations between GPLs and incidence of diabetes. RESULTS: Over the 6 years of follow-up, 499 participants (26.6%) developed diabetes. After multivariable adjustment, eight GPLs were positively associated with incident diabetes (RRper SD 1.13-1.25; all false-discovery rate [FDR]-corrected p < 0.05), including five novel GLPs, namely phosphatidylcholines (PCs; 16:0/18:1, 18:0/16:1, 18:1/20:3), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC; 20:3) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE; 16:0/16:1), and three reported GPLs (PCs 16:0/16:1, 16:0/20:3 and 18:0/20:3). In network analysis, a PC-containing module was positively associated with incident diabetes (RRper SD 1.16 [95% CI 1.06, 1.26]; FDR-corrected p < 0.05). Notably, three of the diabetes-associated PCs (16:0/16:1, 16:0/18:1 and 18:0/16:1) and PE (16:0/16:1) were associated not only with fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway, especially 16:1n-7 (Spearman correlation coefficients = 0.35-0.62, p < 0.001), but also with an unhealthy dietary pattern high in refined grains and low in fish, dairy and soy products (|factor loadings| ≥0.2). When stratified by physical activity levels, the associations of the eight GPLs and the PC module with incident diabetes were stronger in participants with lower physical activity (RRper SD 1.24-1.49, FDR-corrected p < 0.05) than in those with the median and higher physical activity levels (RRper SD 1.03-1.12, FDR-corrected p ≥ 0.05; FDR-corrected pinteraction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/ INTERPRETATION: Eight GPLs, especially PCs associated with the DNL pathway, were positively associated with incident diabetes in a cohort of Chinese men and women. The associations were most prominent in participants with a low level of physical activity.
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