Pandora L Wander1,2, Costas A Christophi3, Maria Rosario G Araneta4, Edward J Boyko1,2, Daniel A Enquobahrie5, Dana Dabelea6, Ronald B Goldberg7, Steven E Kahn1,2, Catherine Kim8, Xavier Pi-Sunyer9, William C Knowler10. 1. Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA. 2. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 3. Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA. 4. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. 5. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 6. Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA. 7. Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA. 8. Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. 9. Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. 10. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated associations of adiposity and adiposity-related biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) among parous women. METHODS: Among women in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) who reported a previous live birth, circulating biomarkers (leptin, adiponectin, sex hormone-binding globulin, and alanine aminotransferase; n = 1,711) were measured at enrollment (average: 12 years post partum). Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas at the L2-L3 region and the L3-L4 region were quantified by computed tomography (n = 477). Overall and stratified (by history of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]) adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were fit. RESULTS: Alanine aminotransferase, L2-L3 VAT, and L3-L4 VAT were positively associated (hazard ratio [HR] for 1-SD increases: 1.073, p = 0.024; 1.251, p = 0.009; 1.272, p = 0.004, respectively), and adiponectin concentration was inversely associated with T2D (HR 0.762, p < 0.001). Whereas leptin concentration was not associated with T2D overall, in GDM-stratified models, a 1-SD higher leptin was positively associated with risk of T2D in women without GDM (HR: 1.126, p = 0.016) and inversely in women with a history of GDM (HR: 0.776, p = 0.013, interaction p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Among parous women, alanine aminotransferase and VAT are positively associated with incident T2D, whereas adiponectin is inversely associated. Leptin is associated with higher risk of T2D in women with a history of GDM but a lower risk in women without a history of GDM.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated associations of adiposity and adiposity-related biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) among parous women. METHODS: Among women in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) who reported a previous live birth, circulating biomarkers (leptin, adiponectin, sex hormone-binding globulin, and alanine aminotransferase; n = 1,711) were measured at enrollment (average: 12 years post partum). Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas at the L2-L3 region and the L3-L4 region were quantified by computed tomography (n = 477). Overall and stratified (by history of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]) adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were fit. RESULTS: Alanine aminotransferase, L2-L3 VAT, and L3-L4 VAT were positively associated (hazard ratio [HR] for 1-SD increases: 1.073, p = 0.024; 1.251, p = 0.009; 1.272, p = 0.004, respectively), and adiponectin concentration was inversely associated with T2D (HR 0.762, p < 0.001). Whereas leptin concentration was not associated with T2D overall, in GDM-stratified models, a 1-SD higher leptin was positively associated with risk of T2D in women without GDM (HR: 1.126, p = 0.016) and inversely in women with a history of GDM (HR: 0.776, p = 0.013, interaction p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Among parous women, alanine aminotransferase and VAT are positively associated with incident T2D, whereas adiponectin is inversely associated. Leptin is associated with higher risk of T2D in women with a history of GDM but a lower risk in women without a history of GDM.
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