Pierre Lahoud1, Siebe Diels2, Liselot Niclaes3, Stijn Van Aelst3, Holger Willems2, Adriaan Van Gerven2, Marc Quirynen4, Reinhilde Jacobs5. 1. OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: pierre.lahoud@kuleuven.be. 2. Relu BV, Leuven, Belgium. 3. OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium. 4. Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium. 5. OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is the development and validation of a novel artificial intelligence driven tool for fast and accurate mandibular canal segmentation on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: A total of 235 CBCT scans from dentate subjects needing oral surgery were used in this study, allowing for development, training and validation of a deep learning algorithm for automated mandibular canal (MC) segmentation on CBCT. Shape, diameter and direction of the MC were adjusted on all CBCT slices using a voxel-wise approach. Validation was then performed on a random set of 30 CBCTs - previously unseen by the algorithm - where voxel-level annotations allowed for assessment of all MC segmentations. RESULTS: Primary results show successful implementation of the AI algorithm for segmentation of the MC with a mean IoU of 0.636 (± 0.081), a median IoU of 0.639 (± 0.081), a mean Dice Similarity Coefficient of 0.774 (± 0.062). Precision, recall and accuracy had mean values of 0.782 (± 0.121), 0.792 (± 0.108) and 0.99 (± 7.64×10-05) respectively. The total time for automated AI segmentation was 21.26 s (±2.79), which is 107 times faster than accurate manual segmentation. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a novel, fast and accurate AI-driven module for MC segmentation on CBCT. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Given the importance of adequate pre-operative mandibular canal assessment, Artificial Intelligence could help relieve practitioners from the delicate and time-consuming task of manually tracing and segmenting this structure, helping prevent per- and post-operative neurovascular complications.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is the development and validation of a novel artificial intelligence driven tool for fast and accurate mandibular canal segmentation on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: A total of 235 CBCT scans from dentate subjects needing oral surgery were used in this study, allowing for development, training and validation of a deep learning algorithm for automated mandibular canal (MC) segmentation on CBCT. Shape, diameter and direction of the MC were adjusted on all CBCT slices using a voxel-wise approach. Validation was then performed on a random set of 30 CBCTs - previously unseen by the algorithm - where voxel-level annotations allowed for assessment of all MC segmentations. RESULTS: Primary results show successful implementation of the AI algorithm for segmentation of the MC with a mean IoU of 0.636 (± 0.081), a median IoU of 0.639 (± 0.081), a mean Dice Similarity Coefficient of 0.774 (± 0.062). Precision, recall and accuracy had mean values of 0.782 (± 0.121), 0.792 (± 0.108) and 0.99 (± 7.64×10-05) respectively. The total time for automated AI segmentation was 21.26 s (±2.79), which is 107 times faster than accurate manual segmentation. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a novel, fast and accurate AI-driven module for MC segmentation on CBCT. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Given the importance of adequate pre-operative mandibular canal assessment, Artificial Intelligence could help relieve practitioners from the delicate and time-consuming task of manually tracing and segmenting this structure, helping prevent per- and post-operative neurovascular complications.