Immune activation and evolution through chemotherapy plus checkpoint blockade in triple-negative breast cancer.

Immune checkpoint blockade plus chemotherapy is emerging as a standard treatment for some patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this issue of Cancer Cell, Zhang et al. employ extensive single-cell immune compartment analyses of pre- and post-therapy TNBC, and they reveal potential mechanisms of T cell activation and patterns of immune evolution that may inform future biomarkers of response and clinical benefit.