Jimmy T Le1, Elvira Agrón2, Tiarnan D L Keenan2, Traci E Clemons3, Willa D Brenowitz4, Kristine Yaffe5,4, Emily Y Chew2. 1. Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications & Division of Extramural Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 2. Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 3. The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, Maryland, USA. 4. Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Neurology, and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. 5. Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate bidirectional associations between cognitive impairment and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) received annual eye examinations and cognitive function testing (e.g., Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status [TICS-M]). We examined bidirectional associations between cognitive impairment (e.g., a TICS-M score < 30) and late AMD at 5 and 10 years. RESULTS: Five thousand one hundred eighty-nine eyes (3157 participants; mean age 72.7 years) were analyzed and followed for a median of 10.4 years. Eyes of participants with cognitive impairment at baseline were more likely to progress to late AMD at 5 years (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.43) and 10 years (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.05-1.37) than eyes of participants without cognitive impairment. Worse baseline AMD severity was not associated with developing cognitive impairment. DISCUSSION: Cognitive impairment is associated with late AMD progression in AREDS2. Our finding highlights the importance of eyecare for people with cognitive impairment.
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate bidirectional associations between cognitive impairment and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) received annual eye examinations and cognitive function testing (e.g., Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status [TICS-M]). We examined bidirectional associations between cognitive impairment (e.g., a TICS-M score < 30) and late AMD at 5 and 10 years. RESULTS: Five thousand one hundred eighty-nine eyes (3157 participants; mean age 72.7 years) were analyzed and followed for a median of 10.4 years. Eyes of participants with cognitive impairment at baseline were more likely to progress to late AMD at 5 years (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.43) and 10 years (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.05-1.37) than eyes of participants without cognitive impairment. Worse baseline AMD severity was not associated with developing cognitive impairment. DISCUSSION: Cognitive impairment is associated with late AMD progression in AREDS2. Our finding highlights the importance of eyecare for people with cognitive impairment.
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