PURPOSE: The ExAblate body MRgFUS system requires advanced beamforming strategies for volumetric hyperthermia. This study aims to develop and evaluate electronic beam steering, multi-focal patterns, and sector vortex beamforming approaches in conjunction with partial array activation using an acoustic and biothermal simulation framework along with phantom experiments. METHODS: The simulation framework was developed to calculate the 3D acoustic intensity and temperature distribution resulting from various beamforming and scanning strategies. A treatment cell electronically sweeping a single focus was implemented and evaluated in phantom experiments. The acoustic and thermal focal size of vortex beam propagation was quantified according to the vortex modes, number of active array elements, and focal depth. RESULTS: Turning off a percentage of the outer array to increase the f-number increased the focal size with a decrease in focal gain. 60% active elements allowed generating a sonication cell with an off-axis of 10 mm. The vortex mode number 4 with 60% active elements resulted in a larger heating volume than using the full array. Volumetric hyperthermia in the phantom was evaluated with the vortex mode 4 and respectively performed with 100% and 80% active elements. MR thermometry demonstrated that the volumes were found to be 18.8 and 29.7 cm3, respectively, with 80% array activation producing 1.58 times larger volume than the full array. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that both electronic beam steering and sector vortex beamforming approaches in conjunction with partial array activation could generate large volume heating for HT delivery using the ExAblate body array.
PURPOSE: The ExAblate body MRgFUS system requires advanced beamforming strategies for volumetric hyperthermia. This study aims to develop and evaluate electronic beam steering, multi-focal patterns, and sector vortex beamforming approaches in conjunction with partial array activation using an acoustic and biothermal simulation framework along with phantom experiments. METHODS: The simulation framework was developed to calculate the 3D acoustic intensity and temperature distribution resulting from various beamforming and scanning strategies. A treatment cell electronically sweeping a single focus was implemented and evaluated in phantom experiments. The acoustic and thermal focal size of vortex beam propagation was quantified according to the vortex modes, number of active array elements, and focal depth. RESULTS: Turning off a percentage of the outer array to increase the f-number increased the focal size with a decrease in focal gain. 60% active elements allowed generating a sonication cell with an off-axis of 10 mm. The vortex mode number 4 with 60% active elements resulted in a larger heating volume than using the full array. Volumetric hyperthermia in the phantom was evaluated with the vortex mode 4 and respectively performed with 100% and 80% active elements. MR thermometry demonstrated that the volumes were found to be 18.8 and 29.7 cm3, respectively, with 80% array activation producing 1.58 times larger volume than the full array. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that both electronic beam steering and sector vortex beamforming approaches in conjunction with partial array activation could generate large volume heating for HT delivery using the ExAblate body array.
Entities:
Keywords:
ExAblate body array; Hyperthermia; MR thermometry; MRgFUS; high intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: David Schlesinger; Stanley Benedict; Chris Diederich; Wladyslaw Gedroyc; Alexander Klibanov; James Larner Journal: Med Phys Date: 2013-08 Impact factor: 4.071
Authors: Ari Partanen; Matti Tillander; Pavel S Yarmolenko; Bradford J Wood; Matthew R Dreher; Max O Kohler Journal: Med Phys Date: 2013-01 Impact factor: 4.071
Authors: P Wust; B Hildebrandt; G Sreenivasa; B Rau; J Gellermann; H Riess; R Felix; P M Schlag Journal: Lancet Oncol Date: 2002-08 Impact factor: 41.316
Authors: William Chu; Robert M Staruch; Samuel Pichardo; Matti Tillander; Max O Köhler; Yuexi Huang; Mika Ylihautala; Merrylee McGuffin; Gregory Czarnota; Kullervo Hynynen Journal: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys Date: 2016-03-24 Impact factor: 7.038