Dong D Wang1,2, Qibin Qi3, Zheng Wang3, Mykhaylo Usyk3, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez4, Josiemer Mattei2, Martha Tamez2, Marc D Gellman5, Martha Daviglus6, Frank B Hu1,2,7, Meir J Stampfer1,2,7, Curtis Huttenhower8,9, Rob Knight10, Robert D Burk3, Robert C Kaplan3,11. 1. The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 2. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. 4. Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinator Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. 5. Department of Psychology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. 6. Institute of Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. 7. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 8. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 9. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA. 10. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 11. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Abstract
CONTEXT: The interrelationships among the gut microbiome, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and a clinical endpoint of diabetes is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To identify gut microbial features of a MedDiet and examine whether the association between MedDiet and diabetes varies across individuals with different gut microbial profiles. METHODS: This study included 543 diabetic, 805 prediabetic, and 394 normoglycemic participants from a cohort study of USA Hispanic/Latino men and women. Fecal samples were profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Adherence to MedDiet was evaluated by an index based on 2 24-hour dietary recalls. RESULTS: A greater MedDiet adherence was associated with higher abundances of major dietary fiber metabolizers (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, false-discovery-rate-adjusted P [q] = 0.01), and lower abundances of biochemical specialists (e.g., Parabacteroides, q = 0.04). The gut microbiomes of participants with greater MedDiet adherence were enriched for functions involved in dietary fiber degradation but depleted for those related to sulfur reduction and lactose and galactose degradation. The associations between MedDiet adherence and diabetes prevalence were significantly stronger among participants with depleted abundance of Prevotella (pinteraction = 0.03 for diabetes, 0.02 for prediabetes/diabetes, and 0.02 for prediabetes). A 1-SD deviation increment in the MedDiet index was associated with 24% (odds ratio [OR] 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.98) and 7% (OR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.72-1.20) lower odds of diabetes in Prevotella noncarriers and carriers, respectively. CONCLUSION: Adherence to MedDiet is associated with diverse gut microorganisms and microbial functions. The inverse association between the MedDiet and diabetes prevalence varies significantly depending on gut microbial composition.
CONTEXT: The interrelationships among the gut microbiome, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and a clinical endpoint of diabetes is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To identify gut microbial features of a MedDiet and examine whether the association between MedDiet and diabetes varies across individuals with different gut microbial profiles. METHODS: This study included 543 diabetic, 805 prediabetic, and 394 normoglycemic participants from a cohort study of USA Hispanic/Latino men and women. Fecal samples were profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Adherence to MedDiet was evaluated by an index based on 2 24-hour dietary recalls. RESULTS: A greater MedDiet adherence was associated with higher abundances of major dietary fiber metabolizers (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, false-discovery-rate-adjusted P [q] = 0.01), and lower abundances of biochemical specialists (e.g., Parabacteroides, q = 0.04). The gut microbiomes of participants with greater MedDiet adherence were enriched for functions involved in dietary fiber degradation but depleted for those related to sulfur reduction and lactose and galactose degradation. The associations between MedDiet adherence and diabetes prevalence were significantly stronger among participants with depleted abundance of Prevotella (pinteraction = 0.03 for diabetes, 0.02 for prediabetes/diabetes, and 0.02 for prediabetes). A 1-SD deviation increment in the MedDiet index was associated with 24% (odds ratio [OR] 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.98) and 7% (OR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.72-1.20) lower odds of diabetes in Prevotella noncarriers and carriers, respectively. CONCLUSION: Adherence to MedDiet is associated with diverse gut microorganisms and microbial functions. The inverse association between the MedDiet and diabetes prevalence varies significantly depending on gut microbial composition.
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