Yanting Chen1,2, Wenxing Guo1, Ziyun Pan1, Dingyan Zhang1, Min Gao1, Wen Wu1, Chongdan Wang3, Yifan Duan4, Xuyang Gu5, Elizabeth N Pearce6, Jianqiang Lai7, Wanqi Zhang8,9,10. 1. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, #22 Qixiangtai Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China. 3. Department of Obstetrics, Tanggu Maternity Hospital, Tianjin, China. 4. National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. 5. Wuqiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hebei, China. 6. Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA. 7. National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. laijq@ninh.chinacdc.cn. 8. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, #22 Qixiangtai Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China. wqzhang@tmu.edu.cn. 9. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. wqzhang@tmu.edu.cn. 10. The Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. wqzhang@tmu.edu.cn.
Abstract
PURPOSE: There is some uncertainty about the optimal ranges for urinary iodine concentration (UIC) during pregnancy. This study aimed to explore associations between maternal UIC and thyroid function in iodine sufficient and mildly iodine deficient areas. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study in which 1461 healthy pregnant women were enrolled to collect their blood and urine samples during their routine antenatal care in Tianjin and Wuqiang, China. Wuqiang was a mildly iodine-deficient region, while Tianjin was iodine sufficient. UIC, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroid hormone (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), serum iodine concentration (SIC) including total serum iodine concentration (tSIC) and non-protein bound serum iodine concentration (nbSIC) were assessed during the routine antenatal care visits. RESULTS: The median UIC in pregnant women was 174 (113, 249) μg/L in Tianjin and 111 (63, 167) μg/L in Wuqiang, respectively. Compared with Tianjin, UIC, FT3 and TSH were lower, and FT4, tSIC, nbSIC, rates of TPOAb and TgAb positivity and the thyroid dysfunction rate (TDR) were higher in Wuqiang (P < 0.001). FT3, FT4, tSIC and nbSIC increased during pregnancy in Tianjin with increasing UIC, while only FT3 and nbSIC increased in Wuqiang (P < 0.05). In Tianjin, the TDR increased with UIC and peaked at UIC ≥ 500 μg/L (P = 0.002), while in Wuqiang, the TDR showed a weak "U-shaped" relationship with UIC and the rate was lowest with UIC 100-149 μg/L. CONCLUSIONS: In iodine-deficient areas, there was a lower TDR in pregnant women with UIC 100-149 μg/L. We suspected that the optimal UIC criteria recommended by WHO may be a little high for pregnant women in mild-to-moderate iodine-deficient countries.
PURPOSE: There is some uncertainty about the optimal ranges for urinary iodine concentration (UIC) during pregnancy. This study aimed to explore associations between maternal UIC and thyroid function in iodine sufficient and mildly iodine deficient areas. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study in which 1461 healthy pregnant women were enrolled to collect their blood and urine samples during their routine antenatal care in Tianjin and Wuqiang, China. Wuqiang was a mildly iodine-deficient region, while Tianjin was iodine sufficient. UIC, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroid hormone (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), serum iodine concentration (SIC) including total serum iodine concentration (tSIC) and non-protein bound serum iodine concentration (nbSIC) were assessed during the routine antenatal care visits. RESULTS: The median UIC in pregnant women was 174 (113, 249) μg/L in Tianjin and 111 (63, 167) μg/L in Wuqiang, respectively. Compared with Tianjin, UIC, FT3 and TSH were lower, and FT4, tSIC, nbSIC, rates of TPOAb and TgAb positivity and the thyroid dysfunction rate (TDR) were higher in Wuqiang (P < 0.001). FT3, FT4, tSIC and nbSIC increased during pregnancy in Tianjin with increasing UIC, while only FT3 and nbSIC increased in Wuqiang (P < 0.05). In Tianjin, the TDR increased with UIC and peaked at UIC ≥ 500 μg/L (P = 0.002), while in Wuqiang, the TDR showed a weak "U-shaped" relationship with UIC and the rate was lowest with UIC 100-149 μg/L. CONCLUSIONS: In iodine-deficient areas, there was a lower TDR in pregnant women with UIC 100-149 μg/L. We suspected that the optimal UIC criteria recommended by WHO may be a little high for pregnant women in mild-to-moderate iodine-deficient countries.
Authors: P P A Smyth; C N Wijeyaratne; W N Kaluarachi; D F Smith; L D K E Premawardhana; A B Parkes; A Jayasinghe; D G H de Silva; J H Lazarus Journal: Thyroid Date: 2005-05 Impact factor: 6.568
Authors: X Y Cao; X M Jiang; Z H Dou; M A Rakeman; M L Zhang; K O'Donnell; T Ma; K Amette; N DeLong; G R DeLong Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 1994-12-29 Impact factor: 91.245