Sarah LeMay-Russell1,2, Natasha A Schvey1,2, Nichole R Kelly3, Megan N Parker1,2, Eliana Ramirez2, Lisa M Shank1,2,4,5, Meghan E Byrne1,2, Taylor N Swanson2,4,5, Esther A Kwarteng2, Loie M Faulkner2, Kweku G Djan2, Anna Zenno2, Sheila M Brady2, Shanna B Yang6, Susan Z Yanovski7, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff1,2,3, Jack A Yanovski2. 1. Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 2. Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 3. Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, Prevention Science Institute, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA. 4. Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 5. Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas, USA. 6. Nutrition Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 7. Office of Obesity Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Beyond sleep duration, other facets of sleep such as variability and timing may be associated with obesity risk in youth. However, data are limited. Using a longitudinal design, this study tested whether multiple facets of sleep were associated with fat mass gain over 1 year. METHODS: A convenience sample of non-treatment-seeking youth (age 8-17 years) wore actigraphy monitors for 14 days. Average weekly sleep duration, within-person sleep duration variability, weekend catch-up sleep, bedtime and wake time shift, social jet lag, bedtime, wake time, and sleep midpoint were calculated. The association of each facet of baseline sleep with 1-year fat mass, adjusting for baseline fat mass and height, was examined. RESULTS: A total of 137 youths (54.0% female; mean [SD], age 12.5 [2.6] years; 28.4% non-Hispanic Black or African American; baseline fat mass = 15.3 [8.9] kg; 1-year fat mass = 17.0 [10.0] kg; 28.5% with baseline overweight or obesity) were studied. Wake time (p = 0.03) and sleep midpoint (p = 0.02) were inversely associated with 1-year fat mass, such that earlier wake time and midpoint were associated with higher 1-year fat mass. No other facet of sleep was significantly associated with 1-year fat mass (p > 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Using objective measures, youth with earlier wake times and sleep midpoints had greater gains in fat mass. Additional research is needed to determine whether sleep timing may be a modifiable target to prevent pediatric obesity.
OBJECTIVE: Beyond sleep duration, other facets of sleep such as variability and timing may be associated with obesity risk in youth. However, data are limited. Using a longitudinal design, this study tested whether multiple facets of sleep were associated with fat mass gain over 1 year. METHODS: A convenience sample of non-treatment-seeking youth (age 8-17 years) wore actigraphy monitors for 14 days. Average weekly sleep duration, within-person sleep duration variability, weekend catch-up sleep, bedtime and wake time shift, social jet lag, bedtime, wake time, and sleep midpoint were calculated. The association of each facet of baseline sleep with 1-year fat mass, adjusting for baseline fat mass and height, was examined. RESULTS: A total of 137 youths (54.0% female; mean [SD], age 12.5 [2.6] years; 28.4% non-Hispanic Black or African American; baseline fat mass = 15.3 [8.9] kg; 1-year fat mass = 17.0 [10.0] kg; 28.5% with baseline overweight or obesity) were studied. Wake time (p = 0.03) and sleep midpoint (p = 0.02) were inversely associated with 1-year fat mass, such that earlier wake time and midpoint were associated with higher 1-year fat mass. No other facet of sleep was significantly associated with 1-year fat mass (p > 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Using objective measures, youth with earlier wake times and sleep midpoints had greater gains in fat mass. Additional research is needed to determine whether sleep timing may be a modifiable target to prevent pediatric obesity.
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