Anita D Barber1, Juan A Gallego2, Pamela DeRosse2, Michael L Birnbaum2, Todd Lencz2, Sana A Ali3, Ashley Moyett3, Anil K Malhotra2. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York. Electronic address: abarber@northwell.edu. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is integral to the pathophysiology of psychosis. Recent findings implicate autonomic arousal-related activity in both momentary fluctuations and individual differences in cognitive performance. Although altered autonomic arousal is common in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), its contribution to cognitive performance is unknown. METHODS: A total of 24 patients with FEP (46% male, age = 24.31 [SD 4.27] years) and 24 control subjects (42% male, age = 27.06 [3.44] years) performed the Multi-Source Interference Task in-scanner with simultaneous pulse oximetry. First-level models included the cardiac-blood oxygen level-dependent regressor, in addition to task (congruent, interference, and error) and nuisance (motion and CompCor physiology) regressors. The cardiac-blood oxygen level-dependent regressor reflected parasympathetic arousal-related activity and was created by convolving the interbeat interval at each heartbeat with the hemodynamic response function. Group models examined the effect of group or cognitive performance (reaction times × error rate) on arousal-related and task activity, while controlling for sex, age, and framewise displacement. RESULTS: Parasympathetic arousal-related activity was robust in both groups but localized to different regions for patients with FEP and healthy control subjects. Within both groups, arousal-related activity was significantly associated with cognitive performance across occipital and temporal cortical regions. Greater arousal-related activity in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 9) was related to better performance in healthy control subjects but not patients with FEP. CONCLUSIONS: Autonomic arousal circuits contribute to cognitive performance and the pathophysiology of FEP. Arousal-related functional activity is a novel indicator of cognitive ability and should be incorporated into neurobiological models of cognition in psychosis.
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is integral to the pathophysiology of psychosis. Recent findings implicate autonomic arousal-related activity in both momentary fluctuations and individual differences in cognitive performance. Although altered autonomic arousal is common in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), its contribution to cognitive performance is unknown. METHODS: A total of 24 patients with FEP (46% male, age = 24.31 [SD 4.27] years) and 24 control subjects (42% male, age = 27.06 [3.44] years) performed the Multi-Source Interference Task in-scanner with simultaneous pulse oximetry. First-level models included the cardiac-blood oxygen level-dependent regressor, in addition to task (congruent, interference, and error) and nuisance (motion and CompCor physiology) regressors. The cardiac-blood oxygen level-dependent regressor reflected parasympathetic arousal-related activity and was created by convolving the interbeat interval at each heartbeat with the hemodynamic response function. Group models examined the effect of group or cognitive performance (reaction times × error rate) on arousal-related and task activity, while controlling for sex, age, and framewise displacement. RESULTS: Parasympathetic arousal-related activity was robust in both groups but localized to different regions for patients with FEP and healthy control subjects. Within both groups, arousal-related activity was significantly associated with cognitive performance across occipital and temporal cortical regions. Greater arousal-related activity in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 9) was related to better performance in healthy control subjects but not patients with FEP. CONCLUSIONS: Autonomic arousal circuits contribute to cognitive performance and the pathophysiology of FEP. Arousal-related functional activity is a novel indicator of cognitive ability and should be incorporated into neurobiological models of cognition in psychosis.
Authors: A M Clare Kelly; Lucina Q Uddin; Bharat B Biswal; F Xavier Castellanos; Michael P Milham Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2007-08-23 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: Anita D Barber; Lisa A Jacobson; Joanna L Wexler; Mary Beth Nebel; Brian S Caffo; James J Pekar; Stewart H Mostofsky Journal: Neuroimage Clin Date: 2014-11-20 Impact factor: 4.881