Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Culture, Self-Renewal, and Differentiation.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, can proliferate indefinitely in vitro (self-renewal) and can differentiate into cells of all three germ layers (pluripotency). These unique properties make them exceptionally valuable in basic science and clinical researches, including cell replacement therapies, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. Mouse ESCs represent an important model system for studying gene function during development and disease.ESCs culture is time-consuming, laborious, and costly. Suboptimal ESCs culture conditions can alter their identity, pluripotency, and their compatibility with downstream differentiation protocols. In this chapter, we provide a general guideline for murine ESCs culture on murine fibroblast feeder layers. Moreover, we describe protocols for maintenance of ESCs pluripotency and induction of ESCs differentiation.