Isolation, Culture, and Identification of Primary Muller Cells from Human Retina.

Muller cells, the major glial cells of the retina, play vital roles in maintaining redox homeostasis and retinal metabolism. An immortalized human Muller cell line (MIO-M1) is widely used as an in vitro model to study Muller cells' function, but they may not be exactly the same as primarily cultured human Muller cells. The use of human primary Muller cells (huPMCs) in culture has been limited by the requirement for complicated culture systems or particular age ranges of donors. We have successfully grown huPMCs using our established protocol. The cell type was pure, and cultured cells expressed Muller cell-specific markers strongly. The cultured huPMCs were used for morphologic, metabolic, transcriptomic, and functional studies. Graphic abstract: Timeline for human primary Muller cell (huPMC) culture.