Sweta Thakkar1, Barathi Seetharaman1, Vasantharekha Ramasamy2. 1. Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India. 2. Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India. vasanthr@srmist.edu.in.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been shown to cause toxicity in different systems of the body including the endocrine, cardiovascular and nervous systems. This study aims to analyze the adverse effects of Methylparaben (MP) on cardiac functions, neurodevelopment, and behavior of zebrafish. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adult male and female zebrafish were exposed to MP for 30 days to study the toxicity effects. Zebrafish were grouped into control, solvent control, 1/10th (110 ppb), 1/100th, and 1/1000th (1 ppb) lethal concentration 50 of MP. Neurobehavioral assays, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, serotonin levels, and expression of genes-Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, Neurotrophic Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Paired box protein Pax-6, and tnnt2 were investigated in zebrafish. Results of the study showed more anxiety-like behavior in MP-treated female zebrafish when compared to males on chronic exposure. There was a dose-dependent reduction of AChE activity in both male and female zebrafish. Female zebrafish showed a dose-dependent increase in serotonin level on MP exposure while male zebrafish showed a dose-independent decrease in serotonin level. On MP exposure, there was also a dose-dependent dysregulation in the expression of cardiac hypoxia and neuronal differentiation-related genes in female zebrafish while a dose-independent change was observed in male zebrafish. CONCLUSION: Chronic MP exposure affects cardiac functions, neuronal functions, and behavior of zebrafish by exhibiting changes in AChE activity, serotonin levels, and altering the expression of genes related to cardiac hypoxia and neuronal differentiation even at sub-lethal doses.
BACKGROUND: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been shown to cause toxicity in different systems of the body including the endocrine, cardiovascular and nervous systems. This study aims to analyze the adverse effects of Methylparaben (MP) on cardiac functions, neurodevelopment, and behavior of zebrafish. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adult male and female zebrafish were exposed to MP for 30 days to study the toxicity effects. Zebrafish were grouped into control, solvent control, 1/10th (110 ppb), 1/100th, and 1/1000th (1 ppb) lethal concentration 50 of MP. Neurobehavioral assays, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, serotonin levels, and expression of genes-Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, Neurotrophic Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Paired box protein Pax-6, and tnnt2 were investigated in zebrafish. Results of the study showed more anxiety-like behavior in MP-treated female zebrafish when compared to males on chronic exposure. There was a dose-dependent reduction of AChE activity in both male and female zebrafish. Female zebrafish showed a dose-dependent increase in serotonin level on MP exposure while male zebrafish showed a dose-independent decrease in serotonin level. On MP exposure, there was also a dose-dependent dysregulation in the expression of cardiac hypoxia and neuronal differentiation-related genes in female zebrafish while a dose-independent change was observed in male zebrafish. CONCLUSION: Chronic MP exposure affects cardiac functions, neuronal functions, and behavior of zebrafish by exhibiting changes in AChE activity, serotonin levels, and altering the expression of genes related to cardiac hypoxia and neuronal differentiation even at sub-lethal doses.
Authors: Kerstin Howe; Matthew D Clark; Carlos F Torroja; James Torrance; Camille Berthelot; Matthieu Muffato; John E Collins; Sean Humphray; Karen McLaren; Lucy Matthews; Stuart McLaren; Ian Sealy; Mario Caccamo; Carol Churcher; Carol Scott; Jeffrey C Barrett; Romke Koch; Gerd-Jörg Rauch; Simon White; William Chow; Britt Kilian; Leonor T Quintais; José A Guerra-Assunção; Yi Zhou; Yong Gu; Jennifer Yen; Jan-Hinnerk Vogel; Tina Eyre; Seth Redmond; Ruby Banerjee; Jianxiang Chi; Beiyuan Fu; Elizabeth Langley; Sean F Maguire; Gavin K Laird; David Lloyd; Emma Kenyon; Sarah Donaldson; Harminder Sehra; Jeff Almeida-King; Jane Loveland; Stephen Trevanion; Matt Jones; Mike Quail; Dave Willey; Adrienne Hunt; John Burton; Sarah Sims; Kirsten McLay; Bob Plumb; Joy Davis; Chris Clee; Karen Oliver; Richard Clark; Clare Riddle; David Elliot; David Eliott; Glen Threadgold; Glenn Harden; Darren Ware; Sharmin Begum; Beverley Mortimore; Beverly Mortimer; Giselle Kerry; Paul Heath; Benjamin Phillimore; Alan Tracey; Nicole Corby; Matthew Dunn; Christopher Johnson; Jonathan Wood; Susan Clark; Sarah Pelan; Guy Griffiths; Michelle Smith; Rebecca Glithero; Philip Howden; Nicholas Barker; Christine Lloyd; Christopher Stevens; Joanna Harley; Karen Holt; Georgios Panagiotidis; Jamieson Lovell; Helen Beasley; Carl Henderson; Daria Gordon; Katherine Auger; Deborah Wright; Joanna Collins; Claire Raisen; Lauren Dyer; Kenric Leung; Lauren Robertson; Kirsty Ambridge; Daniel Leongamornlert; Sarah McGuire; Ruth Gilderthorp; Coline Griffiths; Deepa Manthravadi; Sarah Nichol; Gary Barker; Siobhan Whitehead; Michael Kay; Jacqueline Brown; Clare Murnane; Emma Gray; Matthew Humphries; Neil Sycamore; Darren Barker; David Saunders; Justene Wallis; Anne Babbage; Sian Hammond; Maryam Mashreghi-Mohammadi; Lucy Barr; Sancha Martin; Paul Wray; Andrew Ellington; Nicholas Matthews; Matthew Ellwood; Rebecca Woodmansey; Graham Clark; James D Cooper; James Cooper; Anthony Tromans; Darren Grafham; Carl Skuce; Richard Pandian; Robert Andrews; Elliot Harrison; Andrew Kimberley; Jane Garnett; Nigel Fosker; Rebekah Hall; Patrick Garner; Daniel Kelly; Christine Bird; Sophie Palmer; Ines Gehring; Andrea Berger; Christopher M Dooley; Zübeyde Ersan-Ürün; Cigdem Eser; Horst Geiger; Maria Geisler; Lena Karotki; Anette Kirn; Judith Konantz; Martina Konantz; Martina Oberländer; Silke Rudolph-Geiger; Mathias Teucke; Christa Lanz; Günter Raddatz; Kazutoyo Osoegawa; Baoli Zhu; Amanda Rapp; Sara Widaa; Cordelia Langford; Fengtang Yang; Stephan C Schuster; Nigel P Carter; Jennifer Harrow; Zemin Ning; Javier Herrero; Steve M J Searle; Anton Enright; Robert Geisler; Ronald H A Plasterk; Charles Lee; Monte Westerfield; Pieter J de Jong; Leonard I Zon; John H Postlethwait; Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard; Tim J P Hubbard; Hugues Roest Crollius; Jane Rogers; Derek L Stemple Journal: Nature Date: 2013-04-17 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Jason R Becker; Rahul C Deo; Andreas A Werdich; Daniela Panàkovà; Shannon Coy; Calum A MacRae Journal: Dis Model Mech Date: 2011-01-18 Impact factor: 5.758