BRAF inhibition and the spectrum of granulomatous reactions.

V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) inhibitors have emerged as a promising targeted therapy for malignancies with BRAF mutations, particularly metastatic melanoma. However, granulomatous reactions (GRs), including sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reactions, have been reported as a consequence of BRAF inhibition. It is important to adequately characterize these GRs, including cutaneous manifestations and systemic involvement, in order to guide investigations and management. A literature review was conducted to characterize the spectrum of GRs associated with BRAF inhibitors, identifying 55 reactions affecting 51 patients, with 37 reactions limited to cutaneous involvement. Further, a possible correlation with cancer response, mechanisms of granuloma formation, and a proposed workup and management approach for these GRs are presented.