The effects of alpha adrenergic agents on human platelet aggregation.

The effects of alpha adrenergic agonists and antagonists on human in vitro platelet aggregation were studied to characterize further the platelet alpha adrenergic receptor. Aggregation induced by ADP and U46619; a stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog, was potentiated by alpha adrenergic agonists, an effect which was completely blocked by the alpha adrenergic antagonist phentolamine (1 X 10(-6) M) but not by prazosin (1 X 10(-6) M). The order of potency for the alpha adrenergic agonists in potentiating ADP-induced aggregation was clonidine greater than or equal to epinephrine greater than alpha-methylnorepinephrine greater than norepinephrine greater than phenylephrine greater than methoxamine. Epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation was blocked by phentolamine, yohimbine, dihydroergotamine, clonidine and lofexidine but not by phenoxybenzamine (1 X 10(-5) M). These findings suggest that: 1)clonidine and lofexidine are partial agonists and 2) that the alpha adrenergic receptor of the platelet is different from the classical postsynaptic alpha adrenergic receptor and more closely resembles presynaptic alpha adrenergic receptors.