Ihsan Turan1, Korcan Demir2, Eda Mengen3, Leman Damla Kotan4, Fatih Gürbüz4, Bilgin Yüksel4, Ali Kemal Topaloglu5,6. 1. Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey, ihsanturan@hotmail.com. 2. Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey. 3. Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. 4. Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey. 5. Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. 6. Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is caused by dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. DLG2 was recently implicated as a gene associated with delayed puberty and which may also contribute to IHH. The confirmation of the candidate puberty genes in independent IHH cohorts has become crucial due to the lack of proper genotype-phenotype segregations in reported pedigrees. Therefore, we aimed to screen DLG2 in patient variants in a large cohort of IHH patients. METHODS: The present study included a total of 336 IHH patients from 290 independent families. The coding and flanking regions of DLG2 were screened for potentially important variants in the WES data. Candidate variants were evaluated in the -gnomAD and GME databases according to their allele frequencies, and only those with a frequency <0.0001 were considered rare. Detected variants were classified according to the ACMG/AMP criteria. RESULTS: We found 1 homozygous and 2 heterozygous missense variants in 3 independent pedigrees. Identified variants were found extremely rare or not reported in gnomAD. Two variants were categorized as "uncertain significance," and the other one was "likely pathogenic" according to the ACMG criteria. All patients were normosmic, and in 2 of the 3 families, there were no causal variants in other IHH-related genes. CONCLUSION: We detected 3 rare sequencing variants in DLG2 in 5 patients with IHH or delayed puberty in a large IHH cohort. Our results support the contention that the DLG2 mutations are associated with IHH in human puberty.
INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is caused by dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. DLG2 was recently implicated as a gene associated with delayed puberty and which may also contribute to IHH. The confirmation of the candidate puberty genes in independent IHH cohorts has become crucial due to the lack of proper genotype-phenotype segregations in reported pedigrees. Therefore, we aimed to screen DLG2 in patient variants in a large cohort of IHH patients. METHODS: The present study included a total of 336 IHH patients from 290 independent families. The coding and flanking regions of DLG2 were screened for potentially important variants in the WES data. Candidate variants were evaluated in the -gnomAD and GME databases according to their allele frequencies, and only those with a frequency <0.0001 were considered rare. Detected variants were classified according to the ACMG/AMP criteria. RESULTS: We found 1 homozygous and 2 heterozygous missense variants in 3 independent pedigrees. Identified variants were found extremely rare or not reported in gnomAD. Two variants were categorized as "uncertain significance," and the other one was "likely pathogenic" according to the ACMG criteria. All patients were normosmic, and in 2 of the 3 families, there were no causal variants in other IHH-related genes. CONCLUSION: We detected 3 rare sequencing variants in DLG2 in 5 patients with IHH or delayed puberty in a large IHH cohort. Our results support the contention that the DLG2 mutations are associated with IHH in human puberty.