Naomi Takahashi1, Takeshi Matsumoto2,3, Yoshinari Nakatsuka1, Kimihiko Murase1, Yasuharu Tabara4, Hirofumi Takeyama1, Takuma Minami2,5, Satoshi Hamada6, Osamu Kanai2, Kiminobu Tanizawa2, Isuzu Nakamoto7, Takahisa Kawaguchi4, Kazuya Setoh4, Takanobu Tsutsumi4, Yoshimitsu Takahashi8, Tomohiro Handa6, Tomoko Wakamura7, Naoko Komenami9, Satoshi Morita10, Toyohiro Hirai2, Fumihiko Matsuda4, Takeo Nakayama8, Kazuo Chin4,11. 1. Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 2. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 3. Osaka Saiseikai Noe Hospital, Osaka, Japan. 4. Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 5. Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 6. Department of Advanced Medicine for Respiratory Failure, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 7. Nursing Science, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 8. Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan. 9. Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan. 10. Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 11. Department of Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Division of Sleep Medicine, Nihon University of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Since subjective sleep duration (SSD) is considered to be longer than objective sleep duration (OSD), results of SSD minus OSD (SSD-OSD) might always be thought to be positive. Some recent reports showed different results, but exact results have not been obtained. The difference between SSD and OSD may change according to OSD. We investigated this difference and its association with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) or nonrestorative sleep. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 6,908 community residents in Nagahama, Japan. SSD was determined by self-administered questionnaire. OSD was measured by wrist actigraphy and sleep diary. SDB was assessed according to the 3% oxygen desaturation index adjusted for OSD. RESULTS: Worthy of notice was that SSD was shorter than OSD for those with SSD longer than 6.98 hours in all participants, 7.36 hours in males, and 6.80 hours in females. However, SSD was longer than OSD (mean ± SD: 6.49 ± 1.07 vs 6.01 ± 0.96; P < .001) overall, as SSD is considered to be longer than OSD. In patients with SDB, the difference between SSD-OSD was greater when OSD was shorter. The difference also depended on SDB severity. The degree of positivity between OSD and SSD was a significant factor in nonrestorative sleep (odds ratio: 2.691; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: When OSD was slightly less than 7 (6.98) hours, participants reported or perceived SSD > OSD. When OSD was > 6.98 hours, participants reported or perceived SSD < OSD. Patients with SDB reported longer SSD than OSD according to severity of SDB. Evaluating SSD, OSD, and their differences may be useful for managing sleep disturbances, including nonrestorative sleep. CITATION: Takahashi N, Matsumoto T, Nakatsuka Y, et al. Differences between subjective and objective sleep duration according to actual sleep duration and sleep-disordered breathing: the Nagahama Study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(3):851-859.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Since subjective sleep duration (SSD) is considered to be longer than objective sleep duration (OSD), results of SSD minus OSD (SSD-OSD) might always be thought to be positive. Some recent reports showed different results, but exact results have not been obtained. The difference between SSD and OSD may change according to OSD. We investigated this difference and its association with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) or nonrestorative sleep. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 6,908 community residents in Nagahama, Japan. SSD was determined by self-administered questionnaire. OSD was measured by wrist actigraphy and sleep diary. SDB was assessed according to the 3% oxygen desaturation index adjusted for OSD. RESULTS: Worthy of notice was that SSD was shorter than OSD for those with SSD longer than 6.98 hours in all participants, 7.36 hours in males, and 6.80 hours in females. However, SSD was longer than OSD (mean ± SD: 6.49 ± 1.07 vs 6.01 ± 0.96; P < .001) overall, as SSD is considered to be longer than OSD. In patients with SDB, the difference between SSD-OSD was greater when OSD was shorter. The difference also depended on SDB severity. The degree of positivity between OSD and SSD was a significant factor in nonrestorative sleep (odds ratio: 2.691; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: When OSD was slightly less than 7 (6.98) hours, participants reported or perceived SSD > OSD. When OSD was > 6.98 hours, participants reported or perceived SSD < OSD. Patients with SDB reported longer SSD than OSD according to severity of SDB. Evaluating SSD, OSD, and their differences may be useful for managing sleep disturbances, including nonrestorative sleep. CITATION: Takahashi N, Matsumoto T, Nakatsuka Y, et al. Differences between subjective and objective sleep duration according to actual sleep duration and sleep-disordered breathing: the Nagahama Study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(3):851-859.
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