Paulette Mukorako1,2, Natacha Lemoine2, Laurent Biertho1,2, Stéfane Lebel1,2, Marie-Claude Roy2, Julie Plamondon2, André Tchernof2, Thibault V Varin3, Fernando F Anhê4, David H St-Pierre3,5, André Marette1,2,3, Denis Richard6,7. 1. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. 2. Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada. 3. Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Québec, QC, Canada. 4. Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute and Center for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 5. Department of Exercise Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada. 6. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. denis.richard@criucpq.ulaval.ca. 7. Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada. denis.richard@criucpq.ulaval.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed at comparing how changes in the gut microbiota are associated to the beneficial effects of the most clinically efficient hypoabsorptive bariatric procedures, namely Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) and single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S). METHODS: Diet-induced obese (DIO) male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. In addition to the groups subjected to RYGB, BPD-DS and SADI-S, the following four control groups were included: SHAM-operated rats fed a high-fat diet (SHAM HF), SHAM fed a low-fat diet (SHAM LF), SHAM HF-pair-weighed to BPD-DS (SHAM HF-PW) and sleeve-gastrectomy (SG) rats. Body weight, food intake, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity/resistance, and L-cell secretion were assessed. The gut microbiota (16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing) as well as the fecal and cæcal contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were also analyzed prior to, and after the surgeries. RESULTS: The present study demonstrates the beneficial effect of RYGB, BPD-DS and SADI-S on fat mass gain and glucose metabolism in DIO rats. These benefits were proportional to the effect of the surgeries on food digestibility (BPD-DS > SADI-S > RYGB). Notably, hypoabsorptive surgeries led to consonant microbial signatures characterized by decreased abundance of the Ruminococcaceae (Oscillospira and Ruminococcus), Oscillospiraceae (Oscillibacter) and Christensenellaceae, and increased abundance of the Clostridiaceae (Clostridium), Sutterellaceae (Sutterella) and Enterobacteriaceae. The gut bacteria following hypoabsorptive surgeries were associated with higher fecal levels of propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate. Increases in the fecal SCFAs were in turn positively and strongly correlated with the levels of peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and with the beneficial effects of the surgery. CONCLUSION: The present study emphasizes the consistency with which the three major hypoabsorptive bariatric procedures RYGB, BPD-DS and SADI-S create a gut microbial environment capable of producing a SCFA profile favorable to the secretion of PYY and to beneficial metabolic effects.
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed at comparing how changes in the gut microbiota are associated to the beneficial effects of the most clinically efficient hypoabsorptive bariatric procedures, namely Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) and single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S). METHODS: Diet-induced obese (DIO) male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. In addition to the groups subjected to RYGB, BPD-DS and SADI-S, the following four control groups were included: SHAM-operated rats fed a high-fat diet (SHAM HF), SHAM fed a low-fat diet (SHAM LF), SHAM HF-pair-weighed to BPD-DS (SHAM HF-PW) and sleeve-gastrectomy (SG) rats. Body weight, food intake, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity/resistance, and L-cell secretion were assessed. The gut microbiota (16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing) as well as the fecal and cæcal contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were also analyzed prior to, and after the surgeries. RESULTS: The present study demonstrates the beneficial effect of RYGB, BPD-DS and SADI-S on fat mass gain and glucose metabolism in DIO rats. These benefits were proportional to the effect of the surgeries on food digestibility (BPD-DS > SADI-S > RYGB). Notably, hypoabsorptive surgeries led to consonant microbial signatures characterized by decreased abundance of the Ruminococcaceae (Oscillospira and Ruminococcus), Oscillospiraceae (Oscillibacter) and Christensenellaceae, and increased abundance of the Clostridiaceae (Clostridium), Sutterellaceae (Sutterella) and Enterobacteriaceae. The gut bacteria following hypoabsorptive surgeries were associated with higher fecal levels of propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate. Increases in the fecal SCFAs were in turn positively and strongly correlated with the levels of peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and with the beneficial effects of the surgery. CONCLUSION: The present study emphasizes the consistency with which the three major hypoabsorptive bariatric procedures RYGB, BPD-DS and SADI-S create a gut microbial environment capable of producing a SCFA profile favorable to the secretion of PYY and to beneficial metabolic effects.
Authors: Andrés Sánchez-Pernaute; Miguel Angel Rubio Herrera; Elia Pérez-Aguirre; Juan Carlos García Pérez; Lucio Cabrerizo; Luis Díez Valladares; Cristina Fernández; Pablo Talavera; Antonio Torres Journal: Obes Surg Date: 2007-11-27 Impact factor: 4.129
Authors: Monika E Hagen; Minoa K Jung; Jassim Fakhro; Nicolas C Buchs; Leo Buehler; Jona M Mendoza; Philippe Morel Journal: Surg Endosc Date: 2017-07-19 Impact factor: 4.584
Authors: Carel W le Roux; Simon J B Aylwin; Rachel L Batterham; Cynthia M Borg; Frances Coyle; Vyas Prasad; Sandra Shurey; Mohammad A Ghatei; Ameet G Patel; Stephen R Bloom Journal: Ann Surg Date: 2006-01 Impact factor: 12.969