INTRODUCTION: Acromioclavicular joint dislocations are common. Differentiating between horizontal and vertical instability is challenging, but possible to diagnose on axial radiographs. No clear consensus for axial radiograph parameters currently exists. We aim to establish a reproducible technique to assess whether an axial radiograph represents a true axial view of the shoulder. METHODS: One hundred CT scans of normal uninjured shoulders were examined using multiplanar reformatting to assess the distance between the anterior glenoid (reference line) and anterior-most aspect of the acromion in the axial plane. Measurements were repeated and performed by multiple observers to give of intra- and inter-observer reliability. RESULTS: The mean distance from the anterior acromion to the reference line was -2.6 mm (i.e. posteriorly placed) (SD = 5.8 mm, range -16.9-13.2 mm). Most (89%) of the measurements were between 9 and -9 mm to the reference line. Intra-observer reliability was high with Cronbach's α measurement as 0.997. Inter-observer reliability gave a Cronbach's α measurement of 0.959. CONCLUSION: When the anterior aspect of the acromion lies within 10 mm either side of a line parallel to the scapula blade at the anterior aspect of the glenoid on an axial radiograph, it represents a true axial projection of the glenohumeral joint (GHJ).Level of evidence: IV, Case series.
INTRODUCTION: Acromioclavicular joint dislocations are common. Differentiating between horizontal and vertical instability is challenging, but possible to diagnose on axial radiographs. No clear consensus for axial radiograph parameters currently exists. We aim to establish a reproducible technique to assess whether an axial radiograph represents a true axial view of the shoulder. METHODS: One hundred CT scans of normal uninjured shoulders were examined using multiplanar reformatting to assess the distance between the anterior glenoid (reference line) and anterior-most aspect of the acromion in the axial plane. Measurements were repeated and performed by multiple observers to give of intra- and inter-observer reliability. RESULTS: The mean distance from the anterior acromion to the reference line was -2.6 mm (i.e. posteriorly placed) (SD = 5.8 mm, range -16.9-13.2 mm). Most (89%) of the measurements were between 9 and -9 mm to the reference line. Intra-observer reliability was high with Cronbach's α measurement as 0.997. Inter-observer reliability gave a Cronbach's α measurement of 0.959. CONCLUSION: When the anterior aspect of the acromion lies within 10 mm either side of a line parallel to the scapula blade at the anterior aspect of the glenoid on an axial radiograph, it represents a true axial projection of the glenohumeral joint (GHJ).Level of evidence: IV, Case series.
Authors: Johannes Barth; Achilleas Boutsiadis; Pablo Narbona; Alexandre Lädermann; Paolo Arrigoni; Christopher R Adams; Stephen S Burkhart; Patrick J Denard Journal: J Shoulder Elbow Surg Date: 2017-03-31 Impact factor: 3.019
Authors: Stefan Rahm; Karl Wieser; Christian Spross; Magdalena Vich; Christian Gerber; Dominik C Meyer Journal: J Orthop Trauma Date: 2013-11 Impact factor: 2.512
Authors: Knut Beitzel; Augustus D Mazzocca; Klaus Bak; Eiji Itoi; William B Kibler; Raffy Mirzayan; Andreas B Imhoff; Emilio Calvo; Guillermo Arce; Kevin Shea Journal: Arthroscopy Date: 2014-02 Impact factor: 4.772
Authors: Anirudh K Gowd; Joseph N Liu; Brandon C Cabarcas; Gregory L Cvetanovich; Grant H Garcia; Brandon J Manderle; Nikhil N Verma Journal: Am J Sports Med Date: 2018-10-01 Impact factor: 6.202
Authors: Matthias A Zumstein; Philippe Schiessl; Benedikt Ambuehl; Lilianna Bolliger; Johannes Weihs; Martin H Maurer; Beat K Moor; Michael Schaer; Sumit Raniga Journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Date: 2017-05-25 Impact factor: 4.342
Authors: Jonas Pogorzelski; Knut Beitzel; Francesco Ranuccio; Klaus Wörtler; Andreas B Imhoff; Peter J Millett; Sepp Braun Journal: BMC Musculoskelet Disord Date: 2017-12-08 Impact factor: 2.362