Isabel Gross1,2, Tabea Tschigor1, Angelina L Salman1, Fan Yang3, Jiankai Luo3, Danara Vonk1,4, Mark S Hipp4,5, John Neidhardt6,7, Anja U Bräuer1,2,7,8. 1. Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany. 2. Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany. 3. Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany. 4. Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 5. School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany. 6. Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany. 7. Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany. 8. Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Plasticity-related genes (Prgs/PRGs) or lipid phosphate phosphatase-related proteins (LPPRs) comprise five known members, which have been linked to neuronal differentiation processes, such as neurite outgrowth, axonal branching, or dendritic spine formation. PRGs are highly brain-specific and belong to the lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) superfamily, which influence lipid metabolism by dephosphorylation of bioactive lipids. PRGs, however, do not possess enzymatic activity, but modify lipid metabolism in a way that is still under investigation. RESULTS: We analyzed mRNA expression levels of all Prgs during mouse brain development, in the hippocampus, neocortex, olfactory bulbs, and cerebellum. We found different spatio-temporal expression patterns for each of the Prgs, and identified a high expression of the uncharacterized Prg4 throughout brain development. Unlike its close family members PRG3 and PRG5, PRG4 did not induce filopodial outgrowth in non-neuronal cell lines, and does not localize to the plasma membrane of filopodia. CONCLUSION: We showed PRG4 to be highly expressed in the developing and the adult brain, suggesting that it is of vital importance for normal brain function. Despite its similarities to other family members, it seems not to be involved in changes of cell morphology; instead, it is more likely to be associated with intracellular signaling.
BACKGROUND: Plasticity-related genes (Prgs/PRGs) or lipid phosphate phosphatase-related proteins (LPPRs) comprise five known members, which have been linked to neuronal differentiation processes, such as neurite outgrowth, axonal branching, or dendritic spine formation. PRGs are highly brain-specific and belong to the lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) superfamily, which influence lipid metabolism by dephosphorylation of bioactive lipids. PRGs, however, do not possess enzymatic activity, but modify lipid metabolism in a way that is still under investigation. RESULTS: We analyzed mRNA expression levels of all Prgs during mouse brain development, in the hippocampus, neocortex, olfactory bulbs, and cerebellum. We found different spatio-temporal expression patterns for each of the Prgs, and identified a high expression of the uncharacterized Prg4 throughout brain development. Unlike its close family members PRG3 and PRG5, PRG4 did not induce filopodial outgrowth in non-neuronal cell lines, and does not localize to the plasma membrane of filopodia. CONCLUSION: We showed PRG4 to be highly expressed in the developing and the adult brain, suggesting that it is of vital importance for normal brain function. Despite its similarities to other family members, it seems not to be involved in changes of cell morphology; instead, it is more likely to be associated with intracellular signaling.
Authors: Isabel Gross; Nicola Brandt; Danara Vonk; Franziska Köper; Lars Wöhlbrand; Ralf Rabus; Martin Witt; Axel Heep; Torsten Plösch; Mark S Hipp; Anja U Bräuer Journal: Front Cell Neurosci Date: 2022-04-15 Impact factor: 6.147