Zijun Zhao1, Yue Wu2, Zairan Wang1, Jiayi Xu1, Yizheng Wang1, Zongmao Zhao3. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China. 2. Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China. 3. Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China. zzm692017@sina.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gliomas, especially Glioblastoma multiforme, are the most frequent type of primary tumors in central nervous system. Increasing researches have revealed the relationship between autophagy and tumor, while the molecular mechanism of autophagy in glioma is still rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: Our research aims to conform the autophagy-related genes (ARGs) implicated in the development and progression of glioma and improve our understanding of autophagy in glioma. METHODS: 20 candidate ARGs were screened through the protein-protein interaction network. We also downloaded the publicly accessible glioma data for 665 individuals from TCGA and 970 individuals from CGGA with RNA sequences and clinicopathological information. Subsequently, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis identified 5 key ARGs among the 20 candidate genes as key prognostic genes for survival, GSEA and immune response analysis. RESULTS: ATG5, BCL2L1, CASP3, CASP8, GAPDH were identified as key ARGs in our research. Further studies showed that the high-risk population was linked to a dismal prognosis and suggested an immune-inhibitory microenvironment. GSEA results demonstrated that high risk population was closely related to DNA repair, hypoxia pathways, implicated in immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Through CMap, we finally identified 14 candidate drugs for the ARG high risk population. CONCLUSIONS: This study established and verified an ARG risk model, which can serve as an independent predictor for prognosis, reflect on the strength of the immune response and predict the potential drugs in glioma. Our findings offer new understandings of ARG molecular mechanism and promising therapeutic targets for glioma treatment.
BACKGROUND: Gliomas, especially Glioblastoma multiforme, are the most frequent type of primary tumors in central nervous system. Increasing researches have revealed the relationship between autophagy and tumor, while the molecular mechanism of autophagy in glioma is still rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: Our research aims to conform the autophagy-related genes (ARGs) implicated in the development and progression of glioma and improve our understanding of autophagy in glioma. METHODS: 20 candidate ARGs were screened through the protein-protein interaction network. We also downloaded the publicly accessible glioma data for 665 individuals from TCGA and 970 individuals from CGGA with RNA sequences and clinicopathological information. Subsequently, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis identified 5 key ARGs among the 20 candidate genes as key prognostic genes for survival, GSEA and immune response analysis. RESULTS: ATG5, BCL2L1, CASP3, CASP8, GAPDH were identified as key ARGs in our research. Further studies showed that the high-risk population was linked to a dismal prognosis and suggested an immune-inhibitory microenvironment. GSEA results demonstrated that high risk population was closely related to DNA repair, hypoxia pathways, implicated in immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Through CMap, we finally identified 14 candidate drugs for the ARG high risk population. CONCLUSIONS: This study established and verified an ARG risk model, which can serve as an independent predictor for prognosis, reflect on the strength of the immune response and predict the potential drugs in glioma. Our findings offer new understandings of ARG molecular mechanism and promising therapeutic targets for glioma treatment.