Jean M Lawrence1,2, Kristi Reynolds3, Sharon H Saydah4, Amy Mottl5, Catherine Pihoker6, Dana Dabelea7,8,9, Lawrence Dolan10, Leora Henkin11, Angela D Liese12, Scott Isom11, Jasmin Divers13, Lynne Wagenknecht. 1. Division of Epidemiologic Research, Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA jean.lawrence@nih.gov. 2. Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. 3. Division of Epidemiologic Research, Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA. 4. Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD. 5. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC. 6. Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 7. Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity & Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO. 8. Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO. 9. Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO. 10. Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH. 11. Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. 12. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC. 13. Division of Health Services Research, Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine short-term mortality and cause of death among youth and young adults (YYAs) with youth-onset diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We included 19,717 YYAs newly diagnosed with diabetes before 20 years of age from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2015 enrolled in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Of these, 14,721 had type 1; 4,141 type 2; and 551 secondary and 304 other/unknown diabetes type. Cases were linked with the National Death Index through 31 December 2017. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% CIs based on age, sex, and race/ethnicity for state and county population areas and examined underlying causes of death. RESULTS: During 170,148 person-years (PY) (median follow-up 8.5 years), 283 individuals died: 133 with type 1 (103.0/100,000 PY), 55 with type 2 (161.5/100,000 PY), 87 with secondary (1,952/100,000 PY), and 8 with other/unknown diabetes type (312.3/100,000 PY). SMRs (95% CI) for the first three groups were 1.5 (1.2-1.8), 2.3 (1.7-3.0), and 28.0 (22.4-34.6), respectively. Diabetes was the underlying cause of death for 42.1%, 9.1%, and 4.6% of deaths, respectively. The SMR was greater for type 2 than for type 1 diabetes (P < 0.001). SMRs were significantly higher for individuals with type 1 diabetes who were <20 years of age, non-Hispanic White and Hispanic, and female and for individuals with type 2 diabetes who were <25 years of age, from all race/ethnic minority groups, and from both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Excess mortality was observed among YYAs for each type of diabetes with differences in risk associated with diabetes type, age, race/ethnicity, and sex. The root causes of excess mortality among YYAs with diabetes merit further study.
OBJECTIVE: To examine short-term mortality and cause of death among youth and young adults (YYAs) with youth-onset diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We included 19,717 YYAs newly diagnosed with diabetes before 20 years of age from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2015 enrolled in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Of these, 14,721 had type 1; 4,141 type 2; and 551 secondary and 304 other/unknown diabetes type. Cases were linked with the National Death Index through 31 December 2017. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% CIs based on age, sex, and race/ethnicity for state and county population areas and examined underlying causes of death. RESULTS: During 170,148 person-years (PY) (median follow-up 8.5 years), 283 individuals died: 133 with type 1 (103.0/100,000 PY), 55 with type 2 (161.5/100,000 PY), 87 with secondary (1,952/100,000 PY), and 8 with other/unknown diabetes type (312.3/100,000 PY). SMRs (95% CI) for the first three groups were 1.5 (1.2-1.8), 2.3 (1.7-3.0), and 28.0 (22.4-34.6), respectively. Diabetes was the underlying cause of death for 42.1%, 9.1%, and 4.6% of deaths, respectively. The SMR was greater for type 2 than for type 1 diabetes (P < 0.001). SMRs were significantly higher for individuals with type 1 diabetes who were <20 years of age, non-Hispanic White and Hispanic, and female and for individuals with type 2 diabetes who were <25 years of age, from all race/ethnic minority groups, and from both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Excess mortality was observed among YYAs for each type of diabetes with differences in risk associated with diabetes type, age, race/ethnicity, and sex. The root causes of excess mortality among YYAs with diabetes merit further study.
Authors: Dana Dabelea; Jeanette M Stafford; Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis; Ralph D'Agostino; Lawrence Dolan; Giuseppina Imperatore; Barbara Linder; Jean M Lawrence; Santica M Marcovina; Amy K Mottl; Mary Helen Black; Rodica Pop-Busui; Sharon Saydah; Richard F Hamman; Catherine Pihoker Journal: JAMA Date: 2017-02-28 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Raynard E Washington; Trevor J Orchard; Vincent C Arena; Ronald E LaPorte; Aaron M Secrest; Eugene S Tull Journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract Date: 2013-12-27 Impact factor: 5.602
Authors: Jean M Lawrence; Jasmin Divers; Scott Isom; Sharon Saydah; Giuseppina Imperatore; Catherine Pihoker; Santica M Marcovina; Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis; Richard F Hamman; Lawrence Dolan; Dana Dabelea; David J Pettitt; Angela D Liese Journal: JAMA Date: 2021-08-24 Impact factor: 157.335
Authors: Richard F Hamman; Ronny A Bell; Dana Dabelea; Ralph B D'Agostino; Lawrence Dolan; Giuseppina Imperatore; Jean M Lawrence; Barbara Linder; Santica M Marcovina; Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis; Catherine Pihoker; Beatriz L Rodriguez; Sharon Saydah Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2014-12 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Jasmin Divers; Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis; Jean M Lawrence; Scott Isom; Dana Dabelea; Lawrence Dolan; Giuseppina Imperatore; Santica Marcovina; David J Pettitt; Catherine Pihoker; Richard F Hamman; Sharon Saydah; Lynne E Wagenknecht Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2020-02-14 Impact factor: 35.301
Authors: Armando Peña; Micah L Olson; Elva Hooker; Stephanie L Ayers; Felipe González Castro; Donald L Patrick; Libby Corral; Elvia Lish; William C Knowler; Gabriel Q Shaibi Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2022-09-01