Eman A Abdelghffar1,2, Heba A S El-Nashar3,4, Ameera G A Al-Mohammadi1, Omayma A Eldahshan3,4. 1. Department of Biology, Collage of Science, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. eman_a@sci.asu.edu.eg. 2. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 3. Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 4. Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
Abstract
Background: Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is a chemotherapy drug widely used in the treatment of several types of cancers and autoimmune disorders. Unfortunately, it causes severe side effects on many organs due to its oxidative stress effect. Objective: The present study aims to tentatively identify the phytochemical constituents of orange fruit (Citrus sinensis) peel extract (OFPE) and elucidate the chemopreventive effects of OFPE on CYP drug induced organ toxicity. Methods: The high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS/MS) technique was used to identify the compounds. Thirty-five male rats were divided into five groups (GP; n = 7): GP1: normal control, GP2: OFPE 0.5 only, GP3: CYP-only, GP4: OFPE 0.25 + CYP, and GP5: OFPE 0.5 + CYP. Results: Twenty-nine compounds of polyphenolic nature, mainly flavonoids, anthocyanidins, phenolic acids and limonoids were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Among these compounds, naringin, hesperidin, diosmin, rutin, neohesperidin and limonin were the predominant compounds in the examined extract. Serum cellular markers were found to be decreased significantly upon treatment with OFPE (especially high dose). Also, a significant prophylactic effect against liver, kidney, and heart injuries induced by CYP via decreasing inflammation (serum TNF-α, IL-1β & IL-6) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) was also revealed. Also, an increase in antioxidant levels (serum TAO, and cellular GSH & CAT in tissue homogenates) confirmed the protective efficacy of OFPE against CYP toxicity. Conclusions: The present study reveals some chemopreventive properties and beneficial effects of OFPE on CYP-induced organ toxicity via its antioxidant status and immunoregulatory activities.
Background: Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is a chemotherapy drug widely used in the treatment of several types of cancers and autoimmune disorders. Unfortunately, it causes severe side effects on many organs due to its oxidative stress effect. Objective: The present study aims to tentatively identify the phytochemical constituents of orange fruit (Citrus sinensis) peel extract (OFPE) and elucidate the chemopreventive effects of OFPE on CYP drug induced organ toxicity. Methods: The high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS/MS) technique was used to identify the compounds. Thirty-five male rats were divided into five groups (GP; n = 7): GP1: normal control, GP2: OFPE 0.5 only, GP3: CYP-only, GP4: OFPE 0.25 + CYP, and GP5: OFPE 0.5 + CYP. Results: Twenty-nine compounds of polyphenolic nature, mainly flavonoids, anthocyanidins, phenolic acids and limonoids were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Among these compounds, naringin, hesperidin, diosmin, rutin, neohesperidin and limonin were the predominant compounds in the examined extract. Serum cellular markers were found to be decreased significantly upon treatment with OFPE (especially high dose). Also, a significant prophylactic effect against liver, kidney, and heart injuries induced by CYP via decreasing inflammation (serum TNF-α, IL-1β & IL-6) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) was also revealed. Also, an increase in antioxidant levels (serum TAO, and cellular GSH & CAT in tissue homogenates) confirmed the protective efficacy of OFPE against CYP toxicity. Conclusions: The present study reveals some chemopreventive properties and beneficial effects of OFPE on CYP-induced organ toxicity via its antioxidant status and immunoregulatory activities.
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