Ryan D Castle1, Michelle A Williams2, William C Bushell3, J Adam Rindfleisch4, Christine Tara Peterson5, James Marzolf6, Kimberly Brouwer7, Paul J Mills8. 1. Science Division, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AR, USA. 2. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Science Division, Whole Health Institute, New York, NY, USA. 4. Education Department, Whole Health School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bentonville, AR, USA. 5. Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. 6. Health Sector Finance & Policy, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AR, USA. 7. Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. 8. Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 poses a chronic threat to inflammatory systems, reinforcing the need for efficient anti-inflammatory strategies. The purpose of this review and analysis was to determine the efficacy of various interventions upon the inflammatory markers most affected by COVID-19. The focus was on the markers associated with COVID-19, not the etiology of the virus itself. METHODS: Based on 27 reviewed papers, information was extracted on the effects of COVID-19 upon inflammatory markers, then the effects of standard treatments (Remdesivir, Tocilizumab) and adjunctive interventions (vitamin D3, melatonin, and meditation) were extracted for those markers. These data were used to approximate effect sizes for the disease or interventions via standardized mean differences (SMD). RESULTS: The data that were available indicated that adjunctive interventions affected 68.4% of the inflammatory markers impacted by COVID-19, while standard pharmaceutical medication affected 26.3%. DISCUSSION: Nonstandard adjunctive care appeared to have comparable or superior effects in comparison to Remdesivir and Tocilizumab on the inflammatory markers most impacted by COVID-19. Alongside standards of care, melatonin, vitamin D3, and meditation should be considered for treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.
INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 poses a chronic threat to inflammatory systems, reinforcing the need for efficient anti-inflammatory strategies. The purpose of this review and analysis was to determine the efficacy of various interventions upon the inflammatory markers most affected by COVID-19. The focus was on the markers associated with COVID-19, not the etiology of the virus itself. METHODS: Based on 27 reviewed papers, information was extracted on the effects of COVID-19 upon inflammatory markers, then the effects of standard treatments (Remdesivir, Tocilizumab) and adjunctive interventions (vitamin D3, melatonin, and meditation) were extracted for those markers. These data were used to approximate effect sizes for the disease or interventions via standardized mean differences (SMD). RESULTS: The data that were available indicated that adjunctive interventions affected 68.4% of the inflammatory markers impacted by COVID-19, while standard pharmaceutical medication affected 26.3%. DISCUSSION: Nonstandard adjunctive care appeared to have comparable or superior effects in comparison to Remdesivir and Tocilizumab on the inflammatory markers most impacted by COVID-19. Alongside standards of care, melatonin, vitamin D3, and meditation should be considered for treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.
Authors: Wouter T Leijte; Nicolaas M M Wagemaker; Tom D A van Kraaij; Martijn D de Kruif; Guy J M Mostard; Math P G Leers; Rémy L M Mostard; Jacqueline Buijs; Daan J L van Twist Journal: Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd Date: 2020-11-19
Authors: Marta Entrenas Castillo; Luis Manuel Entrenas Costa; José Manuel Vaquero Barrios; Juan Francisco Alcalá Díaz; José López Miranda; Roger Bouillon; José Manuel Quesada Gomez Journal: J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol Date: 2020-08-29 Impact factor: 4.292
Authors: Russel J Reiter; Ramaswamy Sharma; Fedor Simko; Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez; Jan Tesarik; Richard L Neel; Andrzej T Slominski; Konrad Kleszczynski; Verna M Martin-Gimenez; Walter Manucha; Daniel P Cardinali Journal: Cell Mol Life Sci Date: 2022-02-20 Impact factor: 9.207