María Medrano1,2,3, Cristina Cadenas-Sánchez1,2, Maddi Oses1,2,3, Arantxa Villanueva3,4, Rafael Cabeza4, Fernando Idoate5, Aritz Sanz4,6, Beatriz Rodríguez-Vigil7, Francisco B Ortega8,9, Jonathan R Ruiz8,9, Idoia Labayen1,2,3. 1. Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain. 2. Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. 3. IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain. 4. Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain. 5. Department of Radiology, Mutua Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. 6. Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain. 7. Resonancia Magnética Osatek, Hospital Universitario de Álava Vitoria, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. 8. PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 9. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between physical fitness and physical activity (PA) with specific abdominal fat depots and their potential implications for cardiometabolic risk and insulin resistance (IR) in children with overweight/obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 116 children with overweight/obesity (10.7 ± 1.1 year, 54% girls) participated in the study. Abdominal visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (ASAT), and intermuscular abdominal adipose tissue (IMAAT) were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. The cardiometabolic risk (MetS) score and the insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Health-related physical fitness components (treadmill test, and 20 m shuttle run, handgrip, standing broad jump and 4 × 10 m tests) were evaluated, and PA was measured (accelerometry). Children were categorized as fit or unfit for each specific fitness test, and as active or inactive. RESULTS: Higher VAT, ASAT, and IMAAT were associated with higher MetS score and HOMA-IR (all p < 0.02). A better performance in all fitness tests and total and vigorous PA were strongly associated with lower VAT (all p < 0.04), ASAT (all p < 0.005), and IMAAT (all p < 0.005). Fit or active children had lower VAT, ASAT, and IMAAT (all p < 0.03) than their unfit or inactive counterparts. CONCLUSION: These results reinforce the importance of having adequate fitness and PA levels to reduce abdominal fat accumulation in children. Given that VAT, ASAT, and IMAAT are associated with higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, the improvement of physical fitness by the promotion of PA should be goals of lifestyle interventions for improving health in children with overweight/obesity.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between physical fitness and physical activity (PA) with specific abdominal fat depots and their potential implications for cardiometabolic risk and insulin resistance (IR) in children with overweight/obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 116 children with overweight/obesity (10.7 ± 1.1 year, 54% girls) participated in the study. Abdominal visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (ASAT), and intermuscular abdominal adipose tissue (IMAAT) were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. The cardiometabolic risk (MetS) score and the insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Health-related physical fitness components (treadmill test, and 20 m shuttle run, handgrip, standing broad jump and 4 × 10 m tests) were evaluated, and PA was measured (accelerometry). Children were categorized as fit or unfit for each specific fitness test, and as active or inactive. RESULTS: Higher VAT, ASAT, and IMAAT were associated with higher MetS score and HOMA-IR (all p < 0.02). A better performance in all fitness tests and total and vigorous PA were strongly associated with lower VAT (all p < 0.04), ASAT (all p < 0.005), and IMAAT (all p < 0.005). Fit or active children had lower VAT, ASAT, and IMAAT (all p < 0.03) than their unfit or inactive counterparts. CONCLUSION: These results reinforce the importance of having adequate fitness and PA levels to reduce abdominal fat accumulation in children. Given that VAT, ASAT, and IMAAT are associated with higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, the improvement of physical fitness by the promotion of PA should be goals of lifestyle interventions for improving health in children with overweight/obesity.
Authors: Annika Fraemke; Nina Ferrari; David Friesen; Fabiola Haas; Marlen Klaudius; Esther Mahabir; Lisa Schmidt; Christine Joisten Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-02-20 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Souhail Hermassi; Thomas Bartels; Lawrence D Hayes; René Schwesig Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-03-06 Impact factor: 3.390