Yuye Wang1, Yifan Zhong2, Liang Zhang3, Qijun Wu4, Yihchung Tham5, Tyler Hyungtaek Rim5, David Mutugi Kithinji6, Jingyang Wu2, Chingyu Cheng3,5, Huiying Liang7,8, Honghua Yu7,8, Xiaohong Yang7,8, Lei Liu2,7,8. 1. Department of Neurology, The First affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, The First affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. 3. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore City, Singapore. 4. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. 5. Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore. 6. International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. 7. Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China. 8. School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Age-related macular degeneration(AMD) has become a major cause of visual impairment worldwide, especially in the elderly. Estimates of incidence, progression rates, and risk factors of AMD vary among studies, complicating the understanding of its epidemiology. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, literature published up to March 1, 2021, was searched in both English and Chinese databases. Hierarchical Bayesian approaches were used to estimate pooled incidence, progression, and 95% credible intervals (CrIs). RESULTS: Thirty studies were included. The pooled annual early and late AMD incidence rates were 1.59 (95% CrI: 1.18-2.11) and 0.23 (95% CrI: 0.14-0.34) per 100 person-years, respectively. The annual progression rate of AMD was 5.5 (95% CrI: 2.3-8.8) per 100 person-years. Smoking was an independent risk factor for both early and late AMD, whereas age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alcohol consumption were risk factors for early AMD incidence only. The projected number of new cases of early and late AMD in 2050 would be 39.05 million (95% CrI: 23.12-63.57) and 6.41 million (95% CrI: 3.37-13.22), respectively. CONCLUSION: The prediction the number of new cases of AMD is not equal across the globe. Our findings indicate the need for more rigorous control and prevention measures in AMD focus on its risk factors for early intervention. The epidemiological estimates reported in this study could inform to identify effective strategies for preventing AMD worldwide.
OBJECTIVE: Age-related macular degeneration(AMD) has become a major cause of visual impairment worldwide, especially in the elderly. Estimates of incidence, progression rates, and risk factors of AMD vary among studies, complicating the understanding of its epidemiology. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, literature published up to March 1, 2021, was searched in both English and Chinese databases. Hierarchical Bayesian approaches were used to estimate pooled incidence, progression, and 95% credible intervals (CrIs). RESULTS: Thirty studies were included. The pooled annual early and late AMD incidence rates were 1.59 (95% CrI: 1.18-2.11) and 0.23 (95% CrI: 0.14-0.34) per 100 person-years, respectively. The annual progression rate of AMD was 5.5 (95% CrI: 2.3-8.8) per 100 person-years. Smoking was an independent risk factor for both early and late AMD, whereas age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alcohol consumption were risk factors for early AMD incidence only. The projected number of new cases of early and late AMD in 2050 would be 39.05 million (95% CrI: 23.12-63.57) and 6.41 million (95% CrI: 3.37-13.22), respectively. CONCLUSION: The prediction the number of new cases of AMD is not equal across the globe. Our findings indicate the need for more rigorous control and prevention measures in AMD focus on its risk factors for early intervention. The epidemiological estimates reported in this study could inform to identify effective strategies for preventing AMD worldwide.