Gabriela Andrade Paz1, Paulo Farinatti1, Karynne Grutter Lopes1,2, Juliana Pereira Borges1. 1. Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 2. Graduate Program in Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Abstract
Background: Evidence on the effects of exercise training on the bone health of men and women living with HIV (MLHIV and WLHIV) is limited.Objective: To investigate the effects of a long-term multimodal exercise program on the bone mineral density (BMD) of MLHIV and WLHIV. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 39 patients (13 women; 48.4 ± 7.6 y; HIV-infection for 15.5 ± 6.5 y; combined antiretroviral therapy for 12.2 ± 7.0 y) performed a multimodal exercise program (60-min sessions of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises performed 3 times/week for 9-106 months). MLHIV and WLHIV were allocated into groups showing either advanced osteopenia/osteoporosis or normal BMD (+ or -). Results: MLHIV+ increased BMD at the femoral neck, total femur, and lumbar spine (∼3-4%) compared to MLHIV- (p ≤ 0.03). Changes in whole-body BMD were similar between MLHIV groups (p = 0.55). WLHIV+ exhibited higher loss of BMD at the femoral neck (∼6%) than WLHIV- (p = 0.04), whereas reductions in the whole-body, total femur, and lumbar spine (∼3-5%) were similar between groups (p ≥ 0.25). Among men, changes in femoral neck BMD were inversely correlated to femoral neck T-score (r = -0.62; p < 0.001), but not to the time of follow-up, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index, or age (p ≥ 0.08). In women, these changes were inversely correlated with time of follow-up (r = -0.58) and age (r = -0.70) and positively correlated with femoral neck T-score (r = 0.46) and ASM index (r = 0.47) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Multimodal exercise training may improve the BMD in people living with HIV, especially men with advanced osteopenia/osteoporosis. Adjuvant therapies to exercise should be considered to counteract losses in WLHIV.
Background: Evidence on the effects of exercise training on the bone health of men and women living with HIV (MLHIV and WLHIV) is limited.Objective: To investigate the effects of a long-term multimodal exercise program on the bone mineral density (BMD) of MLHIV and WLHIV. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 39 patients (13 women; 48.4 ± 7.6 y; HIV-infection for 15.5 ± 6.5 y; combined antiretroviral therapy for 12.2 ± 7.0 y) performed a multimodal exercise program (60-min sessions of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises performed 3 times/week for 9-106 months). MLHIV and WLHIV were allocated into groups showing either advanced osteopenia/osteoporosis or normal BMD (+ or -). Results: MLHIV+ increased BMD at the femoral neck, total femur, and lumbar spine (∼3-4%) compared to MLHIV- (p ≤ 0.03). Changes in whole-body BMD were similar between MLHIV groups (p = 0.55). WLHIV+ exhibited higher loss of BMD at the femoral neck (∼6%) than WLHIV- (p = 0.04), whereas reductions in the whole-body, total femur, and lumbar spine (∼3-5%) were similar between groups (p ≥ 0.25). Among men, changes in femoral neck BMD were inversely correlated to femoral neck T-score (r = -0.62; p < 0.001), but not to the time of follow-up, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index, or age (p ≥ 0.08). In women, these changes were inversely correlated with time of follow-up (r = -0.58) and age (r = -0.70) and positively correlated with femoral neck T-score (r = 0.46) and ASM index (r = 0.47) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Multimodal exercise training may improve the BMD in people living with HIV, especially men with advanced osteopenia/osteoporosis. Adjuvant therapies to exercise should be considered to counteract losses in WLHIV.
Authors: Gabriel Gama; Marcus Vinicius Dos Santos Rangel; Vanessa Cunha de Oliveira Coelho; Gabriela Andrade Paz; Catarina Vieira Branco de Matos; Bárbara Pinheiro Silva; Gabriella de Oliveira Lopes; Karynne Grutter Lopes; Paulo Farinatti; Juliana Pereira Borges Journal: PLoS One Date: 2022-03-18 Impact factor: 3.240